https://wiki.yanding.com/ 2026-08-24T00:01:00+00:00 https://wiki.yanding.com/ https://wiki.yanding.com/lib/tpl/myconfluence/images/favicon.ico text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:uniformity&rev=1784807987&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Uniformity I. Concept of Uniformity Uniformity encompasses image luminance uniformity and image color uniformity. text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:iso_17957_shading&rev=1783670616&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) ISO 17957: Shading Test The ISO 17957 standard specifies the shading measurement methods for digital cameras (including camera phones). This method includes test procedures for measuring both color signal components and luminance signal components.$$D_L = \max\left[L^*(i)\right] - \ min\left[L^*(i)\right] $$$$D_Y = \frac{\max[Y(i)] - \min[Y(i)]}{\max… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:30+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:emva_1288&rev=1783670610&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) EMVA 1288: Standard for Characterization of Image Sensors and Cameras 1. Background The EMVA 1288 standard$\eta$$K$$K = \frac{\text{DN}}{\text{e}^-}$$\mathrm{SNR_{p,max}}$$T_d$$$ \eta = \frac{\mu_e}{\mu_p} \tag{1}$$$\mu_p$$\mu_e$$$\mu_y = \mu_{y,\text{dark}} + K \eta \mu_p \tag{2}$$$\mu_y$$\mu_{y,\text{dark}}$$K$$\text{DN}/e^-$$$\eta = \frac{\mu_y -… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_directional_uniformity&rev=1783670606&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Directional Uniformity 1. Definition CMS (Camera Monitor System), commonly referred to in the industry as an electronic rearview mirror, uses a $$\frac{\max\left\{ \left| L_i - L\left( \Theta_{\text{monitor}/D}, \Phi_{\text{monitor}/D} \right) \right| \right\}}{L\left( \Theta_{\text{monitor}/D}, \Phi_{\text{monitor}/D} \right)} < 35\%$$$$\frac{\… text/html 2026-07-24T07:49:48+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:test_cases&rev=1784879388&do=diff Test Cases This section provides practical test cases for image quality evaluation, organized by application: * Camera Test Cases * Image Quality Evaluation Overview * Dynamic Range * Noise * Sharpness * White Balance * Distortion * Uniformity * Color Reproduction * Chromatic Aberration * Field of View * Exposure Time * Frame Rate * Glare * Spatial Frequency Response (SFR) * Texture Loss * Gray Scale Response * Image Stabilization * MTF/S… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_horizontal_uniformity&rev=1783670607&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Horizontal Uniformity 1. Definition CMS (Camera Monitor System), commonly referred to in the industry as an electronic rearview mirror, uses a $$\frac{\max\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \right) \right\} - \min\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \right) \right\}}{\max\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \ri… text/html 2026-08-19T03:34:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:test_charts:chart_selection_guide&rev=1787110477&do=diff How to Choose the Right Test Chart? In image quality evaluation (e.g., for cameras, LiDAR, etc.), test charts are standardized and reproducible core tools—they translate “subjective visual perception” into “objective data metrics.” This article starts from basic concepts, breaking down the purposes, parameters, and selection logic of test charts, as well as chart materials, mounting, usage, and storage, to help you precisely match testing requirements and use test charts correctly.$tan\frac{DFO… text/html 2026-08-21T14:40:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=wiki:langswitch_map&rev=1787323226&do=diff  Language Switch Map 维护说明： * 第一列是中文页面ID * 第二列是英文页面ID * 只改表格，不要改格式 * 新增映射时一行一条 中文页ID 英文页ID yanding:成像基础知识:光学:几何光学:主光线角 text/html 2026-08-20T02:50:53+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:image_quality_factors:noise&rev=1787194253&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Noise I. Definition Image noise refers to the unintended interference superimposed on the target signal during image acquisition, transmission, or processing. Its external manifestation is the $\sigma_{\text{signal}} = \sqrt{N_{\text{signal}}}$$I_{\text{dark}} \propto A \cdot T^3 e^{-\frac{E_g}{kT}}$$I_{\text{dark}}$$T$$E_g$$k$$A$$\sigma_{\text{dark… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:qc_t_1128_2019&rev=1783670617&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Image Solutions for "QC/T 1128-2019: Automotive Cameras" Overview “QC/T 1128-2019: Automotive Cameras$\text{SNR (dB)} = 20\log_{10}\left(\frac{\text{Si}}{\text{Ni}}\right)$${Si}$\( i \)${Ni}$\( i \)$$\text{DR} = 20 \left( D_{\text{SNR}=1} - D_{\text{SNR}=\text{MAX}} \right)$$$D_{\text{SNR}=1}$$D_{\text{SNR}=\text{MAX}}$$t_{on}$$t_{SL}$$$\theta_{\tex… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:test_charts:material_selection_guide&rev=1783670587&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Test Chart Material Selection Guide Test charts are core tools in fields such as optical testing and imaging system evaluation. Their materials directly affect testing accuracy, service life, and applicable scenarios. Selecting the appropriate test chart material requires a comprehensive analysis of the pros and cons of various materials, taking into… text/html 2026-08-21T14:40:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:image_quality_factors&rev=1787323226&do=diff Image Quality Factors This section covers common image quality issues in imaging systems, including: * MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) * Acutance * Distortion * Flare * White Balance * Noise * Dynamic Range * Chromatic Aberration * Field of View * Uniformity (Shading) * Spatial Frequency Units text/html 2025-11-27T02:37:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95:iso_17957_shading%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95&rev=1764211047&do=diff ISO 17957：Shading测试 ISO 17957标准规定了数字相机（包括拍照手机）的Shading测量方法，该方法包含测量颜色信号分量和亮度信号分量的测试方法。 术语和定义 1.亮度阴影 / 亮度不均匀性 （luminance shading / luminance non-uniformity）$$D_L = \max\left[L^*(i)\right] - \ min\left[L^*(i)\right] $$$$D_Y = \frac{\max[Y(i)] - \min[Y(i)]}{\max[Y(i)]} \times 100$$$ a^*(i) $$b^*(i) $$( \overline{a^*})$$( \overline{b^*} )$$$\overline{a^*} = \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} a^*(i) \quad $$$$\overline{b^*} = \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} b^*(i) $$$$D_c(i) = \sqrt{\left[ a^*(i) - \overline{a… text/html 2026-08-14T07:46:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:image_quality_factors:mtf_sfr_analysis_and_testing&rev=1786693595&do=diff MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) I.Definition MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) is the modulus of the Optical Transfer Function (OTF), defined as the ratio of the output modulation of the system to the input modulation, describing the contrast transfer capability of an imaging system at different spatial frequencies.$$MTF(f)=\frac{M_{\text{out}}(f)}{M_{\text{in}}(f)}=|OTF(f)|$$$M$$$M=\frac{I_{\max}-I_{\min}}{I_{\max}+I_{\min}}$$$I_{max}$$I_{min}$ text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:32+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:ieee_2020_2024_cpi&rev=1783670612&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) IEEE 2020-2024 CPI Test Definition of CPI Contrast is a crucial fundamental condition for distinguishing objects from their surroundings. $(L_{in})$$(L_{in})=(L_{max}+L_{min})/2$$L_{in}$$L_{max}$$L_{min}$$L_{max}$$L_{min}$$C_{W}$$C_{M}$$C_{W}=\frac{L_{max}}{L_{min}}-1$$C_{W}$$L_{max}$$L_{min}$$C_{W}$$L_{min}$$C_{M}=\frac{L_{max}-L_{min}}{L_{max}+L_{… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:camera%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:%E5%9D%87%E5%8C%80%E6%80%A7&rev=1784807987&do=diff 均匀性 一、均匀性的概念 均匀性包含图像亮度均匀性和图像色彩均匀性。 亮度均匀性指的是图像从中心到四周边缘的亮度分布一致性。亮度均匀性较差时，即图像的中心到边缘会出现亮度不一致现象，如图1，呈现中心亮，四周偏暗现象，即亮度衰减问题。 text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:image_quality_evaluation&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Image Quality Assessment Overview Image Quality Assessment (IQA) refers to the subjective and objective analysis and evaluation of the imaging performance (such as resolution, noise, distortion, color, dynamic range, etc.) of an imaging system under given conditions (such as the captured scene, lighting environment, and display device input of a cam… text/html 2026-07-15T12:13:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:keywords&rev=1784117593&do=diff dynamic range/color reproduction/spatial frequency response/uniformity/distortion/flare/flicker/CMS/test charts text/html 2026-08-21T14:42:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:start&rev=1787323327&do=diff Welcome to Yanding Knowledge Base! This knowledge base is exclusively created by YANDING, free and publicly accessible, focusing on two core areas: imaging fundamentals and image quality evaluation, aiming to provide systematic knowledge support for users with different needs. text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:33+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:ieee_2020_2024_flicker&rev=1783670613&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) IEEE 2020-2024 Flicker Test 1. Definition of Flicker Flicker refers to the phenomenon of periodic brightness fluctuations, banding, or local brightness instability in images captured by a camera. This phenomenon is essentially caused by a mismatch in temporal sampling. LED lights typically emit light in pulses at frequencies of hundreds of times per… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:iso_18844_flare&rev=1783670617&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) ISO 18844: Flare Measurement Overview The ISO 18844:2017 standard specifies the measurement method for flare in digital cameras.$$F=\frac{S_{Black}}{S_{White}}\times 100\%$$$S_{Black}$$S_{White}$$\frac{|E_\mathrm{max}-E_\mathrm{avg}|}{E_\mathrm{avg}}<0.05,\quad \frac{|E_\mathrm{min}-E_\mathrm{avg}|}{E_\mathrm{avg}}<0.05$$\mathrm{CCT}=5700\ \mathrm{K… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:chromatic_aberration&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Chromatic Aberration 1. What is Chromatic Aberration Chromatic aberration, also known as “color fringing text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:distortion&rev=1784811078&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Distortion 1. What is Distortion? Distortion refers to the geometric distortion of the image formed by an optical system relative to the object itself. It is caused by the inconsistency of lateral magnification between the edge and the center of the lens. Distortion only alters the spatial geometry of the object and does not affect the sharpness (re… text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:dynamic_range&rev=1784811077&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Dynamic Range I. What is Dynamic Range Dynamic Range (DR) For image signals, it refers to the ratio of the maximum to the minimum value of the variable signal; it is used to describe the maximum luminance range from the darkest to the brightest areas of a real scene that an imaging device can simultaneously record. It is commonly measured in decibe… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:image_stabilization&rev=1784807985&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Image Stabilization 1. What is Camera Shake When capturing a running child in a park with a smartphone, a blurred photo misses the lively moment; when operating a drone to photograph landscapes, severe camera shake in the footage ruins the charm of the magnificent scenery; at critical moments in security surveillance, blurred images make it impossib… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:white_balance&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) White Balance The environment we live in is vibrant and colorful, featuring a red umbrella, a yellow beach chair, or a clear blue sky. White balance is utilized in cameras to ensure accurate color reproduction of subjects during capture. In addition to automatic color adjustment, semi-automatic and manual adjustments are also available. text/html 2026-08-07T02:22:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:collimators:pupil_matching&rev=1786069320&do=diff Collimator–DUT Pupil Matching The exit pupil (ExP) is the image of the aperture stop formed by the optical elements that lie between the stop and the image plane. It serves as the common opening through which all rays leave the optical system, and its centre is located at the intersection of the chief rays in image space. text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:light_sources:multispectral_light_box&rev=1783670585&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Multispectral Light Booth — Setting a New Standard for Optical Testing Accuracy, Providing Precise "Calibration" Answers for Every Ray of Light text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:test_charts:18_gray&rev=1783670587&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) 18% Gray I. What is 18% Gray? 18% gray refers to a neutral gray with a light reflectance of 18%, commonly used for exposure calibration (e.g., using a gray card) and color management (e.g., custom white balance, post-production color grading reference). text/html 2026-07-24T02:37:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:imaging_systems:lidar:angular_resolution&rev=1784860639&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Angular Resolution 1. What is Angular Resolution? Angular resolution refers to the angle formed by the central axes of two adjacent laser detection points at the ranging center during the scanning and detection process of a LiDAR. Depending on the scanning direction, it can be divided into $\Delta L$$\theta$$$\Delta L = d \cdot \tan(\theta) \approx … text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:chief_ray_angle&rev=1784811078&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Chief Ray Angle (CRA) 1. Definition The Chief Ray Angle (CRA) refers to the angle between the chief ray and the normal to the image plane.