https://wiki.yanding.com/ 2026-08-24T00:01:02+00:00 https://wiki.yanding.com/ https://wiki.yanding.com/lib/tpl/myconfluence/images/favicon.ico text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:qc_t_1128_2019&rev=1783670617&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Image Solutions for "QC/T 1128-2019: Automotive Cameras" Overview “QC/T 1128-2019: Automotive Cameras$\text{SNR (dB)} = 20\log_{10}\left(\frac{\text{Si}}{\text{Ni}}\right)$${Si}$\( i \)${Ni}$\( i \)$$\text{DR} = 20 \left( D_{\text{SNR}=1} - D_{\text{SNR}=\text{MAX}} \right)$$$D_{\text{SNR}=1}$$D_{\text{SNR}=\text{MAX}}$$t_{on}$$t_{SL}$$$\theta_{\tex… text/html 2026-07-24T07:49:48+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:test_cases&rev=1784879388&do=diff Test Cases This section provides practical test cases for image quality evaluation, organized by application: * Camera Test Cases * Image Quality Evaluation Overview * Dynamic Range * Noise * Sharpness * White Balance * Distortion * Uniformity * Color Reproduction * Chromatic Aberration * Field of View * Exposure Time * Frame Rate * Glare * Spatial Frequency Response (SFR) * Texture Loss * Gray Scale Response * Image Stabilization * MTF/S… text/html 2026-08-21T14:40:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=wiki:langswitch_map&rev=1787323226&do=diff  Language Switch Map 维护说明： * 第一列是中文页面ID * 第二列是英文页面ID * 只改表格，不要改格式 * 新增映射时一行一条 中文页ID 英文页ID yanding:成像基础知识:光学:几何光学:主光线角 text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:24+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_luminance_contrast_reproduction&rev=1783670604&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Luminance and Contrast Reproduction Definition: The CMS luminance and contrast reproduction test simulates the lighting challenges of real-world driving environments to verify the $L_{High}$$L_{Low}$$CR = \frac{L_{monitor/chart/white/ambient}}{L_{monitor/chart/black/ambient}}$ text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:31+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:gb_t_43249_2023_passive_ir&rev=1783670611&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) GB/T 43249-2023 "Passive Infrared Detection Systems for Automobiles" GB/T 43249-2023 “Passive Infrared Detection Systems for Automobiles$\Delta T=2\text{K}$$n$$N$$n$$S$$$\text{NETD} = \frac{\Delta T}{S/N} $$$\Delta T$$S$$N$$$MRTD = \frac{|\Delta T_1| + |\Delta T_2|}{2}$$ text/html 2026-08-19T03:34:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:test_charts:chart_selection_guide&rev=1787110477&do=diff How to Choose the Right Test Chart? In image quality evaluation (e.g., for cameras, LiDAR, etc.), test charts are standardized and reproducible core tools—they translate “subjective visual perception” into “objective data metrics.” This article starts from basic concepts, breaking down the purposes, parameters, and selection logic of test charts, as well as chart materials, mounting, usage, and storage, to help you precisely match testing requirements and use test charts correctly.$tan\frac{DFO… text/html 2026-08-11T02:56:43+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_depth_of_field&rev=1786417003&do=diff CMS Depth of Field I.Definition Depth of Field (DoF) of a CMS (Camera–Monitor System) refers to the object-distance range behind the vehicle over which targets can be sharply imaged. In optical imaging, object points outside the focal plane produce defocused blur on the image sensor, typically described by the \(MTF10_{(1:1)}\)$$MTF10_{(1:1)} \geq 0.9^*MTF10_{MIN(1:1)} \left[ \text{LW/PH} \right]\tag{1}$$$$MTF10_{(1:1)} \geq \frac{1}{2} MTF10_{MIN(1:1)} \left[ \text{LW/PH} \right]]\tag{2}$$$… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:33+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:ieee_2020_2024_flicker&rev=1783670613&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) IEEE 2020-2024 Flicker Test 1. Definition of Flicker Flicker refers to the phenomenon of periodic brightness fluctuations, banding, or local brightness instability in images captured by a camera. This phenomenon is essentially caused by a mismatch in temporal sampling. LED lights typically emit light in pulses at frequencies of hundreds of times per… text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:dynamic_range&rev=1784811077&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Dynamic Range I. What is Dynamic Range Dynamic Range (DR) For image signals, it refers to the ratio of the maximum to the minimum value of the variable signal; it is used to describe the maximum luminance range from the darkest to the brightest areas of a real scene that an imaging device can simultaneously record. It is commonly measured in decibe… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:iso_15739_noise&rev=1783670614&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) ISO 15739: Noise Measurements Overview The ISO 15739 standard specifies the test methods for noise and dynamic range of digital cameras.${L_{j}}$$g(L_{j})$$$ g(L_{j}) = \frac{1}{2} [ \frac{ I(L_{j})-I(L_{i}) } {L_{j}-L_{i} } + \frac { I(L_{k}) - I(L_{j}) } {L_{k}-L_{j}} ] $$$I(L_{j})$$L_… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:33+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:ieee_2020_2024_flare&rev=1783670613&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) IEEE 2020-2024 Standard Flare Test I. Definition of Flare Flare refers to non-imaging light that propagates to the image plane along unintended optical paths, resulting in reduced image contrast and undesirable imaging artifacts. In this standard, $$F=\frac{S_{Black}}{S_{White}}\times 100\%$$$S_{Black}$$S_{White}$$L_{ref}$$R_{ref}$$R_{flare}$$E_{f… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:30+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:emva_1288&rev=1783670610&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) EMVA 1288: Standard for Characterization of Image Sensors and Cameras 1. Background The EMVA 1288 standard$\eta$$K$$K = \frac{\text{DN}}{\text{e}^-}$$\mathrm{SNR_{p,max}}$$T_d$$$ \eta = \frac{\mu_e}{\mu_p} \tag{1}$$$\mu_p$$\mu_e$$$\mu_y = \mu_{y,\text{dark}} + K \eta \mu_p \tag{2}$$$\mu_y$$\mu_{y,\text{dark}}$$K$$\text{DN}/e^-$$$\eta = \frac{\mu_y -… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:iso_18844_flare&rev=1783670617&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) ISO 18844: Flare Measurement Overview The ISO 18844:2017 standard specifies the measurement method for flare in digital cameras.$$F=\frac{S_{Black}}{S_{White}}\times 100\%$$$S_{Black}$$S_{White}$$\frac{|E_\mathrm{max}-E_\mathrm{avg}|}{E_\mathrm{avg}}<0.05,\quad \frac{|E_\mathrm{min}-E_\mathrm{avg}|}{E_\mathrm{avg}}<0.05$$\mathrm{CCT}=5700\ \mathrm{K… text/html 2026-07-24T02:37:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:imaging_systems:lidar:ranging_capability&rev=1784860639&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Ranging Capability I. Introduction Ranging capability is a key fundamental metric for evaluating the detection performance of $P_t$$A_r$$\alpha$$R$$\sqrt{\rho}$$R \propto \sqrt{\rho}$$$P_r = P_t \cdot \frac{A_r}{R^2} \cdot \rho \cdot \eta_{sys} \cdot \exp(-2\alpha R)$$$P_r$$P_t$$A_r$$R$$\rho$$\eta_{sys}$$\alpha$ text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:chromatic_aberration&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Chromatic Aberration 1. What is Chromatic Aberration Chromatic aberration, also known as “color fringing text/html 2026-07-27T07:57:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:image_quality_factors:flare&rev=1785139067&do=diff Stray light Stray light is an imaging artifact in which non-imaging rays reaches the image sensor plane through optical paths other than the intended imaging path. It is commonly observed in optical imaging systems under high-irradiance conditions, including backlighting and direct solar illumination. Stray light may lead to reduced image contrast, veiling glare, and various flare-related artifacts. $F$$F$$$F = \frac{S_{black}}{S_{white}} \times 100\%$$$2\text{cd/m}^2$$(5～10)$$\text{Mcd/m}^2$$(… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:32+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:ieee_2020_2024_cpi&rev=1783670612&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) IEEE 2020-2024 CPI Test Definition of CPI Contrast is a crucial fundamental condition for distinguishing objects from their surroundings. $(L_{in})$$(L_{in})=(L_{max}+L_{min})/2$$L_{in}$$L_{max}$$L_{min}$$L_{max}$$L_{min}$$C_{W}$$C_{M}$$C_{W}=\frac{L_{max}}{L_{min}}-1$$C_{W}$$L_{max}$$L_{min}$$C_{W}$$L_{min}$$C_{M}=\frac{L_{max}-L_{min}}{L_{max}+L_{… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:iso_16505_cms_color_reproduction&rev=1783670615&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) ISO 16505: CMS Color Reproduction Test Color reproduction (Colour rendering) refers to the ability of a Camera Monitor System ($(u'_r, v'_r)$$(u'_{it}, v'_{it})$$(\Delta u' = u'_{it} - u'_r, \Delta v' = v'_{it} - v'_r)$$\theta_{icolor}$$\left( (u'_{it} - u'_r) \geq 0 \text{ and } (v'_{it} - v'_r) \geq 0 \right): \theta_{icolor} = \arctan\left( \frac{… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:sfr&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Spatial Frequency Response (SFR) 1. Concept of Spatial Frequency Response Spatial Frequency Response ( text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_gray_level_reproduction&rev=1783670607&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Gray Scale Reproduction Test Method: Display the gray scale test chart on the monitor, measure the luminance of each gray patch displayed on the monitor, calculate the lightness of each gray patch according to Formula (1), and then calculate the lightness difference between adjacent gray patches according to Formula (2). The requirement is that … text/html 2026-08-14T07:46:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:image_quality_factors:mtf_sfr_analysis_and_testing&rev=1786693595&do=diff MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) I.Definition MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) is the modulus of the Optical Transfer Function (OTF), defined as the ratio of the output modulation of the system to the input modulation, describing the contrast transfer capability of an imaging system at different spatial frequencies.$$MTF(f)=\frac{M_{\text{out}}(f)}{M_{\text{in}}(f)}=|OTF(f)|$$$M$$$M=\frac{I_{\max}-I_{\min}}{I_{\max}+I_{\min}}$$$I_{max}$$I_{min}$ text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:image_stabilization&rev=1784807985&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Image Stabilization 1. What is Camera Shake When capturing a running child in a park with a smartphone, a blurred photo misses the lively moment; when operating a drone to photograph landscapes, severe camera shake in the footage ruins the charm of the magnificent scenery; at critical moments in security surveillance, blurred images make it impossib… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:iso_16505_cms_depth_of_field&rev=1783670615&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) ISO 16505: CMS Depth of Field Test Definition: Depth of field is the distance range over which the imaging resolution of the $$MTF10_{(1:1)} \geq 0,9^*MTF10_{MIN(1:1)} \left[ \text{LW/PH} \right]\tag{1}$$$$MTF10_{(1:1)} \geq \frac{1}{2} MTF10_{MIN(1:1)} \left[ \text{LW/PH} \right]]\tag{2}$$$$MTF10_{\text{MIN}(1:1)/\text{hor}} = \left( \frac{W_{\text… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:iso_17850_distortion&rev=1783670616&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) ISO 17850: Distortion Test Overview This International Standard specifies the test methods for geometric distortion of digital cameras.$D_{local}$$h^{\prime}$$h_{0}^{\prime}$$$D_{local}=\frac {(h^{\prime}-h_{0}^{\prime})}{h_{0}^{\prime}} \times100\% $$$h^{\prime}$$h_{0}^{\prime}$$h^{\prime}$$h_{0}^{\prime}$$h^{\prime}$$h_{0}^{\prime}$$A_{i}$$B_{i}$$… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:white_balance&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) White Balance The environment we live in is vibrant and colorful, featuring a red umbrella, a yellow beach chair, or a clear blue sky. White balance is utilized in cameras to ensure accurate color reproduction of subjects during capture. In addition to automatic color adjustment, semi-automatic and manual adjustments are also available. text/html 2026-07-24T02:37:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:imaging_systems:lidar:angular_resolution&rev=1784860639&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Angular Resolution 1. What is Angular Resolution? Angular resolution refers to the angle formed by the central axes of two adjacent laser detection points at the ranging center during the scanning and detection process of a LiDAR. Depending on the scanning direction, it can be divided into $\Delta L$$\theta$$$\Delta L = d \cdot \tan(\theta) \approx … text/html 2026-07-24T07:44:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:test_equipment&rev=1784879066&do=diff Test Tools User Guide Test Charts * How to Choose the Right Test Chart * Test Chart Material Selection Guide * Test Chart Usage, Maintenance and Storage Guide * 18% Gray Light Sources * Multispectral Light Box * ND Filter * Matrix Traffic Light * Traffic Light Simulation Platform Collimator * Collimator Structure * Collimator Focal Length Matching * Collimator Pupil Matching * Collimator Object Distance Calculation RIQA Image Quality Analysis Software RIQA is… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:color_reproduction&rev=1784807985&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Color Reproduction 1. Definition of Color Reproduction Color reproduction refers to the process by which color film reproduces the colors of a photographic image to closely match the original object through shooting and printing. In digital cameras, it refers to the ability to restore the colors of a photographic image through data processing and co… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_directional_uniformity&rev=1783670606&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Directional Uniformity 1. Definition CMS (Camera Monitor System), commonly referred to in the industry as an electronic rearview mirror, uses a $$\frac{\max\left\{ \left| L_i - L\left( \Theta_{\text{monitor}/D}, \Phi_{\text{monitor}/D} \right) \right| \right\}}{L\left( \Theta_{\text{monitor}/D}, \Phi_{\text{monitor}/D} \right)} < 35\%$$$$\frac{\… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:light_sources:multispectral_light_box&rev=1783670585&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Multispectral Light Booth — Setting a New Standard for Optical Testing Accuracy, Providing Precise "Calibration" Answers for Every Ray of Light text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:02+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:riqa_software:riqa_camera_grayscale_module&rev=1783670582&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) RIQA-Camera Grayscale Analysis Module Grayscale refers to the continuous luminance levels in an image ranging from the darkest (black) to the brightest (white). This module supports the analysis of multi-specification grayscale test charts (both transmissive and reflective), such as 12-patch, 20-patch, and 36-patch charts. It also allows you to invok… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:test_charts:material_selection_guide&rev=1783670587&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Test Chart Material Selection Guide Test charts are core tools in fields such as optical testing and imaging system evaluation. Their materials directly affect testing accuracy, service life, and applicable scenarios. Selecting the appropriate test chart material requires a comprehensive analysis of the pros and cons of various materials, taking into… text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:distortion&rev=1784811078&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Distortion 1. What is Distortion? Distortion refers to the geometric distortion of the image formed by an optical system relative to the object itself. It is caused by the inconsistency of lateral magnification between the edge and the center of the lens. Distortion only alters the spatial geometry of the object and does not affect the sharpness (re… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:image_quality_evaluation&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Image Quality Assessment Overview Image Quality Assessment (IQA) refers to the subjective and objective analysis and evaluation of the imaging performance (such as resolution, noise, distortion, color, dynamic range, etc.) of an imaging system under given conditions (such as the captured scene, lighting environment, and display device input of a cam… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:28+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_glare&rev=1783670608&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Glare CMS glare refers to the optical interference phenomenon in a Camera Monitor System (CMS) during driving scenarios, where strong direct or reflected light causes multiple unintended reflections and scattering on the lens surfaces and inside the lens barrel, resulting in an overall decrease in image contrast and the appearance of large bright… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:iso_17957_shading&rev=1783670616&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) ISO 17957: Shading Test The ISO 17957 standard specifies the shading measurement methods for digital cameras (including camera phones). This method includes test procedures for measuring both color signal components and luminance signal components.$$D_L = \max\left[L^*(i)\right] - \ min\left[L^*(i)\right] $$$$D_Y = \frac{\max[Y(i)] - \min[Y(i)]}{\max… text/html 2025-10-31T06:58:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7:riqa%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6:riqa-camera%E7%81%B0%E9%98%B6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97&rev=1761893899&do=diff RIQA-camera灰阶分析模块 灰阶（Grayscale）是指图像中从最暗（黑色）到最亮（白色）之间的连续亮度层级。该模块支持 12 阶、20 阶、36 阶等多规格灰阶测试图卡（透射式和反射式）的分析，同时可调用模块中的 Single SNR 功能，对指定区域进行针对性分析，用于分析动态范围、灰阶响应、信噪比、白平衡等指标。 text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:14+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:adas_test_cases:contrast_performance_index_cpi&rev=1783670594&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Contrast Performance Indicators (CPI) 1. Concept of Contrast Performance Indicators (CPI) Contrast is a crucial fundamental condition for distinguishing objects from their surroundings. Contrast Performance Indicators (CPI) are used to evaluate the contrast reproduction capability of an imaging system and are mainly divided into two types: Contrast … text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:28+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_color_reproduction&rev=1783670608&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Color Reproduction Concept CMS Color Reproduction refers to the ability of the Camera Monitor System (CMS) to accurately reproduce the colors of the original scene on the in-vehicle monitor after capturing the scene information around the vehicle via external cameras, followed by image processing and transmission. It encompasses the precise repr… text/html 2026-07-28T06:15:24+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:collimators:structure&rev=1785219324&do=diff Collimator Structure With the increasing use of digital cameras in road vehicles, aircraft, head-mounted displays, and security systems, the testing and calibration of cameras targeting distant objects has become essential in development, production, and validation. Whether constrained by the limited space of an optical laboratory or the compact footprint of automated production equipment, the collimator is the inevitable choice for simulating distant targets within a confined physical space. text/html 2026-08-21T14:42:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:start&rev=1787323327&do=diff Welcome to Yanding Knowledge Base! This knowledge base is exclusively created by YANDING, free and publicly accessible, focusing on two core areas: imaging fundamentals and image quality evaluation, aiming to provide systematic knowledge support for users with different needs. text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:iso_12233_sfr&rev=1783670614&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) ISO 12233: SFR Testing Overview The ISO 12233 standard specifies methods for measuring the resolution and spatial frequency response (SFR) text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:14+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:adas_test_cases:flicker&rev=1783670594&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Flicker 1. What is Flicker In the field of automotive imaging, Flicker refers to the phenomenon of periodic brightness fluctuations, banding, or local brightness instability in images captured by a camera. This phenomenon is not the text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:field_of_view&rev=1784807985&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Field of View I. Concept of Field of View In the field of photography, Angle of View (AOV) and field of view (FOV) text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:texture_loss&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Texture Loss 1. Concept of Texture In the field of digital imaging, texture generally refers to low-contrast details. For example, the leaves on a tree or each blade of grass in a prairie are details, also known as texture. In principle, a camera should be able to reproduce these details. For a camera, distinguishing texture from unwanted noise in … text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_dual_point_light_source&rev=1783670605&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Dual-Point Light Source What is CMS? With the development of automotive electronics, the Camera Monitor System ($$\text{PLSDF} = \frac{S_{\text{H}} \times L_{\text{H},\text{max}}}{S_{\text{V}} \times L_{\text{V},\text{max}}}$$$$\text{PLSCF} = \left(1 - \frac{L_{\text{H},\text{min}}}{L_{\text{H},\text{max}}}\right)$$$\alpha_{PLS}$ text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_geometric_distortion&rev=1784811078&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Geometric Distortion Concept In the Camera Monitor System (CMS), distortion refers to the deviation of the imaging result from the ideal projection model, and its definition varies depending on the ideal reference.$h_{ideal}$$\text{RadialDistortion} = \frac{\Delta h}{h_{ideal}} = \frac{h_{monitor} - h_{ideal}}{h_{ideal}} = \frac{h_{monitor}}{h_{… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_horizontal_uniformity&rev=1783670607&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Horizontal Uniformity 1. Definition CMS (Camera Monitor System), commonly referred to in the industry as an electronic rearview mirror, uses a $$\frac{\max\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \right) \right\} - \min\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \right) \right\}}{\max\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \ri… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:08+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:test_charts:usage_maintenance_storage_guide&rev=1783670588&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Guidelines for the Use, Maintenance, and Storage of Test Charts Test charts are indispensable reference tools in image quality evaluation, and their integrity directly determines the accuracy of test results. Improper use and storage environments can cause charts to fade, scratch, or deform, thereby rendering them useless for calibration. text/html 2026-07-27T06:13:03+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:entrance_pupil&rev=1785132783&do=diff Entrance Pupil When observing the human eye, a dark circular opening known as the pupil can be seen, through which incident light enters the eye. Physiologically, the pupil is the aperture located at the center of the iris. However, the visible pupil is not the physical opening itself, but the image of the pupil formed by the refractive structures in front of it, such as the cornea and aqueous humor. text/html 2026-07-21T08:00:53+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:fisheye_entrance_pupil&rev=1784620853&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) (Fisheye) Entrance Pupil The article 入瞳 introduces the entrance pupil in paraxial imaging, assuming that the entrance pupil and the aperture stop are a pair of conjugate object and image. This one-to-one concept of the entrance pupil applies to ideal lenses or telephoto (long focal length, narrow angle) lenses. However, if we observe a fisheye (ultra… text/html 2026-07-21T12:02:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:radiometry_photometry:luminous_flux&rev=1784635357&do=diff Luminous Flux Definition Luminous flux (symbol:$\Phi_v$ ) is a photometric quantity that measures the light power perceived by the human eye. It represents the total luminous energy emitted by a light source per unit time, and directly reflects the overall brightness of the source.$$1\ \text{lm} = 1\ \text{cd} \times 1\ \text{sr}$$$lm$$$\Phi_{v}(\lambda)=K_{m}V(\lambda)\Phi_{e}(\lambda)$$$K_{m}$$\Phi_{v}(\lambda)$$V(\lambda)$$\lambda$$\Phi_v$$$ \Phi_v = \int_{(\Omega)} I_v \, d\Omega$$$\Omega… text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_sharpness&rev=1784811079&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Sharpness Why Measure Sharpness in CMS? As an electronic replacement for traditional optical rearview mirrors, the $$\text{MTF}50_{\langle 1:1 \rangle} \geq \frac{1}{2}\text{MTF}10_{\text{MIN}\langle 1:1 \rangle} \left[ \frac{\text{LW}}{\text{PH}} \right]$$$$\text{MTF}50_{\langle 1:1 \rangle} \geq \frac{1}{2} \times \left( \frac{1}{2} \text{MTF… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:03+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:riqa_software:riqa_camera_distortion_module&rev=1783670583&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) RIQA-Camera Distortion Module Distortion is a geometric aberration in optical systems (such as lenses) where the magnification varies across different positions in the field of view, causing the true geometric shape of the subject to be distorted in the image (e.g., straight lines becoming curved). This module supports automatic distortion analysis f… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:02+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:riqa_software:riqa_camera_resolution_module&rev=1783670582&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) RIQA-Camera Resolution Module Resolution is used to evaluate the ability of an imaging system (such as cameras, lenses, etc.) to reproduce details at different spatial frequencies. This module supports the analysis of various mainstream test targets, including slanted-edge targets, line pair targets, Siemens star targets, and dead leaves targets, mee… text/html 2026-07-24T05:17:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:imaging_systems:camera_module:auto_exposure&rev=1784870256&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Auto Exposure (AE) Proper exposure makes images look more realistic and comfortable, and it is the first and crucial step affecting subsequent image processing. The three common parameters for controlling exposure are exposure time, sensitivity (ISO), and aperture. As one of the three common means to control exposure, aperture is rarely mentioned in … text/html 2026-07-24T03:00:23+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:image_quality_factors:distortion&rev=1784862023&do=diff Distortion I.Definition Distortion is a geometric aberration characterized by the bending of straight lines in the actual scene, which disrupts the geometric similarity between the object and the image, despite not affecting image sharpness. It is determined by the behavior of the chief rays and manifests specifically as an inconsistency in actual lateral magnification across different fields of view. $$D = \frac{\Delta H}{H} \cdot 100$$$\Delta H$$H$$(x_{real}, y_{real})$$r_{\text{real}} = r_{… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:32+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:gb_t_45500_2025_lidar&rev=1783670612&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) GB/T 45500-2025 Performance Requirements and Test Methods for Automotive LiDAR GB/T 45500-2025 “Performance Requirements and Test Methods for Automotive LiDAR$\sigma_d \leq \max(0.1\ \text{m}, 0.25\% \cdot S)$$|\delta_d| \leq \max(0.2\ \text{m}, 0.5\% \cdot S)$$(P)$$P \leqslant 1.5 \times \max(\sigma_{\text{d}}, \left| \delta_{\text{d}} \right|)$$$P … text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:glare&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Glare When light from a strong light source (such as the sun or artificial light) reaches the lens directly, it reflects and bounces off various lens elements and even the sensor, thereby degrading image quality and creating unwanted artifacts in the image. This phenomenon is known as text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:mtf_sfr_siemens_star&rev=1783670595&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) MTF/SFR Measurement — Siemens Star Method Principle: Based on the radial frequency gradient characteristics of radial sinusoidal wedge patterns, this method directly obtains the modulation MTF values at different spatial frequencies through pixel reading, sinusoidal curve fitting, and modulation calculation (without the need for Fourier transform). … text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:uniformity&rev=1784807987&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Uniformity I. Concept of Uniformity Uniformity encompasses image luminance uniformity and image color uniformity. text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:24+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms&rev=1783670604&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Concept The Camera Monitor System (CMS), commonly referred to in the industry as the electronic rearview mirror text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:29+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_frame_rate&rev=1783670609&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) I. Definition CMS frame rate refers to the total number of valid images completely displayed by the vehicle Camera Monitor System (CMS) per unit of time, encompassing image capture, processing, transmission, and display. The unit is text/html 2026-07-10T08:02:42+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:colorimetry:metamerism&rev=1783670562&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Is Metamerism Far Removed from Our Daily Lives? Metamerism is a colorimetric term used to describe the phenomenon where color stimuli with different spectral compositions produce the same color perception (i.e., have the same tristimulus values). The English word for this is text/html 2025-10-31T07:00:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7:riqa%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6:riqa-camera%E7%95%B8%E5%8F%98%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97&rev=1761894001&do=diff RIQA-Camera畸变模块 畸变是光学系统（如镜头）因视场不同位置的放大率不一致，导致被摄物体的真实几何形状在成像中发生扭曲（如直线变曲线）的几何失真现象。该模块支持点图和棋盘格图卡 text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:exposure_time&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Exposure Time 1. What is Exposure Time? In layman's terms, exposure time is the time interval from pressing the shutter button to releasing it, measured in seconds. From a professional perspective, exposure time mainly refers to the photosensitive duration of the sensor. The longer the exposure time, the brighter the image, which is suitable for low… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:frame_rate&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Frame Rate 1. What is Frame Rate? Essentially, a video is composed of a sequence of still images. These still images are the smallest unit of a video, known as frames. Frame rate refers to the number of consecutive frames captured or displayed per second, measured in Hz (Hertz) or frames per second (fps). For example, 30 fps means 30 consecutive fra… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:gray_scale_response&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Grayscale Response I. Concept of Grayscale Grayscale refers to the division of luminance variations between the brightest and darkest points into different levels. It is generally divided into seven rough levels: white, grayish-white, light gray, gray, dark gray, light black, and black. Each level represents a change in luminance, largely reflectin… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:09+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:collimators:focal_length_matching&rev=1783670589&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Focal Length Matching Between Collimator and DUT When testing a DUT using a collimator, the collimating objective Lcol of the collimator and the imaging objective Ldut of the DUT form an optical imaging system. The image of the target formed by Lcol serves as the object for Ldut. Focal length is one of the primary parameters of Lcol. In collimator se… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:06+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:light_sources:matrix_traffic_light&rev=1783670586&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Yanding Matrix Traffic Light Helps ADAS Systems Accurately Recognize Traffic Light Status Introduction text/html 2026-07-10T08:02:43+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:colorimetry:cri_ra_vs_ri&rev=1783670563&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Difference Between Color Rendering Index Ra and Ri In fields such as lighting design, color management, and image creation, the color rendering index is a core metric for evaluating a light source's ability to reproduce object colors. $$R_i = 100 - 4.6 \Delta E$$$ \Delta E_i$$ \Delta E_i$$R_{i}$$$Ra =\frac{(R₁+R₂+R₃+R₄+R₅+R₆+R₇+R₈)}{8}$$… text/html 2025-10-31T06:57:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7:riqa%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6:riqa-camera%E5%88%86%E8%BE%A8%E7%8E%87%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97&rev=1761893864&do=diff RIQA-Camera分辨率模块 分辨率用于评估成像系统（如相机、镜头等）对不同空间频率的细节再现能力。此模块支持多种主流测试靶标分析，包括斜边靶标、线对靶标、西门子星靶标及枯叶图靶标，能满足不同场景下的分辨率评估需求。 text/html 2026-06-22T12:57:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:cms%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:cms&rev=1782133025&do=diff CMS 概念 摄像头监视系统CMS（Camera Monitor System），行业称为电子后视镜，是采用摄像头+监视器的组合来取代传统的光学后视镜，显示模式为外部摄像头采集图像，处理后显示在舱内显示屏内，同时可以集成类似盲区预警、障碍物提示等功能，为驾驶员提供全方位的环境视野，有效弥补传统后视镜存在的视野局限与盲区问题，提升行车安全性与操作便利性。 text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:mtf_sfr_dead_leaves&rev=1783670595&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) MTF/SFR Measurement — Dead Leaves Method Principle: Based on a random circular texture pattern that closely resembles natural scenes, this method extracts the texture Power Spectral Density (PSD) and subtracts the noise. It then calculates the ratio of the modulation amplitude at each frequency to the target modulation to obtain the MTF/SFR values. … text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:noise&rev=1784807987&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Noise Definition and Sources of Noise In the field of imaging, noise typically refers to random interference signals carrying non-target information introduced during image acquisition, transmission, or processing. It manifests as irregular variations in luminance or color (such as graininess, color mottling, or irregular spots), directly affecting… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:30+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_pre_test&rev=1783670610&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Pre-CMS Testing Before CMS testing, it is necessary to confirm the provided equipment information and functions. The relevant parameters are as follows: text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:06+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:light_sources:traffic_light_simulation_platform&rev=1783670586&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Yanding Road Traffic Signal Light Simulation and Testing Platform With the continuous development of autonomous driving technology, corresponding testing methods must also be upgraded synchronously. Current testing mostly focuses on lane detection, object tracking, and scene understanding. However, road traffic signal light recognition, as a critical… text/html 2026-07-10T08:02:42+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:colorimetry:color_rendering&rev=1783670562&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Color Rendering I. What is Color Rendering Color rendering refers to the ability of a light source to reproduce the true colors of objects compared to a standard light source (i.e., the degree of color fidelity of the objects). The standard light source is based on the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) standard illuminants, with natura… text/html 2026-07-15T12:13:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:keywords&rev=1784117593&do=diff dynamic range/color reproduction/spatial frequency response/uniformity/distortion/flare/flicker/CMS/test charts text/html 2026-08-14T09:33:39+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:image_quality_factors:sharpness&rev=1786700019&do=diff Acutance I. Definition Acutance is an objective physical quantity used to measure image clarity. By contrast, sharpness is the subjective human perception of image clarity; the two are distinct concepts. Early acutance calculations were based on the gradient of an edge profile: the steeper the transition, the higher the value. However, an edge gradient describes only the physical rate of transition and does not account for the fact that images are ultimately perceived by the human visual syst… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:31+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:gb_15084_2022_cms&rev=1783670611&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) GB 15084-2022: Interpretation of CMS Mirror Types and Field of View Requirements The Camera Monitor System ( text/html 2026-08-21T08:49:29+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:camera%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:oc&rev=1787302169&do=diff OC（光学中心） 一、定义 OC（Optical Center，光学中心）：指的是摄像头模组的镜头光轴与图像传感器受光面的几何交点，代表成像系统的理想投影中心。在理想装配状态下，该点应与传感器有效像素阵列的几何中心重合。$ (OC_x,\; OC_y)$$ (image\_width/2,\; image\_height/2) $$(c_x,\; c_y)$$(COD_x,\; COD_y)$$$COD\_diff_x = COD_x - \frac{image\_width}{2}$$$$COD\_diff_y = COD_y - \frac{image\_height}{2}$$ text/html 2026-08-07T02:22:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:collimators:pupil_matching&rev=1786069320&do=diff Collimator–DUT Pupil Matching The exit pupil (ExP) is the image of the aperture stop formed by the optical elements that lie between the stop and the image plane. It serves as the common opening through which all rays leave the optical system, and its centre is located at the intersection of the chief rays in image space. text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:04+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:riqa_software:riqa_camera_color_module&rev=1783670584&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) RIQA—Camera Color Analysis Module The RIQA—Camera Color Analysis Module is used to evaluate the color metrics of imaging systems, including data on color difference, luminance, saturation, and other aspects. This module supports testing with standard 24-color, 140-color, and 14-color charts.$ CIE$$L_{ab}$ text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:test_charts:18_gray&rev=1783670587&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) 18% Gray I. What is 18% Gray? 18% gray refers to a neutral gray with a light reflectance of 18%, commonly used for exposure calibration (e.g., using a gray card) and color management (e.g., custom white balance, post-production color grading reference). text/html 2026-07-10T08:02:41+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:colorimetry:cie_colorimetric_system&rev=1783670561&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CIE Colorimetric System 1. History and Fundamentals In the early 19th century, it was discovered that the human eye has three types of cells for color perception. It was also known that two lights with different spectra could produce the same color (metamerism). It was hypothesized that each cone cell has a spectral sensitivity corresponding to R, G…