https://wiki.yanding.com/ 2026-08-25T01:26:14+00:00 https://wiki.yanding.com/ https://wiki.yanding.com/lib/tpl/myconfluence/images/favicon.ico text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:dynamic_range&rev=1784811077&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Dynamic Range I. What is Dynamic Range Dynamic Range (DR) For image signals, it refers to the ratio of the maximum to the minimum value of the variable signal; it is used to describe the maximum luminance range from the darkest to the brightest areas of a real scene that an imaging device can simultaneously record. It is commonly measured in decibe… text/html 2026-07-24T02:37:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:imaging_systems:lidar:ranging_capability&rev=1784860639&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Ranging Capability I. Introduction Ranging capability is a key fundamental metric for evaluating the detection performance of $P_t$$A_r$$\alpha$$R$$\sqrt{\rho}$$R \propto \sqrt{\rho}$$$P_r = P_t \cdot \frac{A_r}{R^2} \cdot \rho \cdot \eta_{sys} \cdot \exp(-2\alpha R)$$$P_r$$P_t$$A_r$$R$$\rho$$\eta_{sys}$$\alpha$ text/html 2026-07-24T03:00:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:image_quality_factors:dynamic_range&rev=1784862019&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Dynamic Range When shooting against the light, the sky is overexposed and lacks detail, while the foreground subjects are reduced to black $DR_{dB}=20log_{10}(\frac{L_{max}}{L_{min}})$$L_{max}$$L_{min}$ text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:qc_t_1128_2019&rev=1783670617&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Image Solutions for "QC/T 1128-2019: Automotive Cameras" Overview “QC/T 1128-2019: Automotive Cameras$\text{SNR (dB)} = 20\log_{10}\left(\frac{\text{Si}}{\text{Ni}}\right)$${Si}$\( i \)${Ni}$\( i \)$$\text{DR} = 20 \left( D_{\text{SNR}=1} - D_{\text{SNR}=\text{MAX}} \right)$$$D_{\text{SNR}=1}$$D_{\text{SNR}=\text{MAX}}$$t_{on}$$t_{SL}$$$\theta_{\tex… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:02+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:riqa_software:riqa_camera_grayscale_module&rev=1783670582&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) RIQA-Camera Grayscale Analysis Module Grayscale refers to the continuous luminance levels in an image ranging from the darkest (black) to the brightest (white). This module supports the analysis of multi-specification grayscale test charts (both transmissive and reflective), such as 12-patch, 20-patch, and 36-patch charts. It also allows you to invok… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:30+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:emva_1288&rev=1783670610&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) EMVA 1288: Standard for Characterization of Image Sensors and Cameras 1. Background The EMVA 1288 standard$\eta$$K$$K = \frac{\text{DN}}{\text{e}^-}$$\mathrm{SNR_{p,max}}$$T_d$$$ \eta = \frac{\mu_e}{\mu_p} \tag{1}$$$\mu_p$$\mu_e$$$\mu_y = \mu_{y,\text{dark}} + K \eta \mu_p \tag{2}$$$\mu_y$$\mu_{y,\text{dark}}$$K$$\text{DN}/e^-$$$\eta = \frac{\mu_y -… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_directional_uniformity&rev=1783670606&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Directional Uniformity 1. Definition CMS (Camera Monitor System), commonly referred to in the industry as an electronic rearview mirror, uses a $$\frac{\max\left\{ \left| L_i - L\left( \Theta_{\text{monitor}/D}, \Phi_{\text{monitor}/D} \right) \right| \right\}}{L\left( \Theta_{\text{monitor}/D}, \Phi_{\text{monitor}/D} \right)} < 35\%$$$$\frac{\… text/html 2026-07-10T08:02:43+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:colorimetry:color_gamut&rev=1783670563&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Do Digital Cameras Have a Color Gamut? With the increasingly widespread application of digital images, the colorimetric term text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:31+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:gb_t_43249_2023_passive_ir&rev=1783670611&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) GB/T 43249-2023 "Passive Infrared Detection Systems for Automobiles" GB/T 43249-2023 “Passive Infrared Detection Systems for Automobiles$\Delta T=2\text{K}$$n$$N$$n$$S$$$\text{NETD} = \frac{\Delta T}{S/N} $$$\Delta T$$S$$N$$$MRTD = \frac{|\Delta T_1| + |\Delta T_2|}{2}$$ text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:33+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:ieee_2020_2024_flicker&rev=1783670613&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) IEEE 2020-2024 Flicker Test 1. Definition of Flicker Flicker refers to the phenomenon of periodic brightness fluctuations, banding, or local brightness instability in images captured by a camera. This phenomenon is essentially caused by a mismatch in temporal sampling. LED lights typically emit light in pulses at frequencies of hundreds of times per… text/html 2026-08-19T03:34:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:test_charts:chart_selection_guide&rev=1787110477&do=diff How to Choose the Right Test Chart? In image quality evaluation (e.g., for cameras, LiDAR, etc.), test charts are standardized and reproducible core tools—they translate “subjective visual perception” into “objective data metrics.” This article starts from basic concepts, breaking down the purposes, parameters, and selection logic of test charts, as well as chart materials, mounting, usage, and storage, to help you precisely match testing requirements and use test charts correctly.$tan\frac{DFO… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:32+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:ieee_2020_2024_cpi&rev=1783670612&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) IEEE 2020-2024 CPI Test Definition of CPI Contrast is a crucial fundamental condition for distinguishing objects from their surroundings. $(L_{in})$$(L_{in})=(L_{max}+L_{min})/2$$L_{in}$$L_{max}$$L_{min}$$L_{max}$$L_{min}$$C_{W}$$C_{M}$$C_{W}=\frac{L_{max}}{L_{min}}-1$$C_{W}$$L_{max}$$L_{min}$$C_{W}$$L_{min}$$C_{M}=\frac{L_{max}-L_{min}}{L_{max}+L_{… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:28+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_color_reproduction&rev=1783670608&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Color Reproduction Concept CMS Color Reproduction refers to the ability of the Camera Monitor System (CMS) to accurately reproduce the colors of the original scene on the in-vehicle monitor after capturing the scene information around the vehicle via external cameras, followed by image processing and transmission. It encompasses the precise repr… text/html 2026-08-14T07:46:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:image_quality_factors:mtf_sfr_analysis_and_testing&rev=1786693595&do=diff MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) I.Definition MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) is the modulus of the Optical Transfer Function (OTF), defined as the ratio of the output modulation of the system to the input modulation, describing the contrast transfer capability of an imaging system at different spatial frequencies.$$MTF(f)=\frac{M_{\text{out}}(f)}{M_{\text{in}}(f)}=|OTF(f)|$$$M$$$M=\frac{I_{\max}-I_{\min}}{I_{\max}+I_{\min}}$$$I_{max}$$I_{min}$ text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:32+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:gb_t_45500_2025_lidar&rev=1783670612&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) GB/T 45500-2025 Performance Requirements and Test Methods for Automotive LiDAR GB/T 45500-2025 “Performance Requirements and Test Methods for Automotive LiDAR$\sigma_d \leq \max(0.1\ \text{m}, 0.25\% \cdot S)$$|\delta_d| \leq \max(0.2\ \text{m}, 0.5\% \cdot S)$$(P)$$P \leqslant 1.5 \times \max(\sigma_{\text{d}}, \left| \delta_{\text{d}} \right|)$$$P … text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:iso_15739_noise&rev=1783670614&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) ISO 15739: Noise Measurements Overview The ISO 15739 standard specifies the test methods for noise and dynamic range of digital cameras.${L_{j}}$$g(L_{j})$$$ g(L_{j}) = \frac{1}{2} [ \frac{ I(L_{j})-I(L_{i}) } {L_{j}-L_{i} } + \frac { I(L_{k}) - I(L_{j}) } {L_{k}-L_{j}} ] $$$I(L_{j})$$L_… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:iso_16505_cms_color_reproduction&rev=1783670615&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) ISO 16505: CMS Color Reproduction Test Color reproduction (Colour rendering) refers to the ability of a Camera Monitor System ($(u'_r, v'_r)$$(u'_{it}, v'_{it})$$(\Delta u' = u'_{it} - u'_r, \Delta v' = v'_{it} - v'_r)$$\theta_{icolor}$$\left( (u'_{it} - u'_r) \geq 0 \text{ and } (v'_{it} - v'_r) \geq 0 \right): \theta_{icolor} = \arctan\left( \frac{… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:color_reproduction&rev=1784807985&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Color Reproduction 1. Definition of Color Reproduction Color reproduction refers to the process by which color film reproduces the colors of a photographic image to closely match the original object through shooting and printing. In digital cameras, it refers to the ability to restore the colors of a photographic image through data processing and co… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:image_quality_evaluation&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Image Quality Assessment Overview Image Quality Assessment (IQA) refers to the subjective and objective analysis and evaluation of the imaging performance (such as resolution, noise, distortion, color, dynamic range, etc.) of an imaging system under given conditions (such as the captured scene, lighting environment, and display device input of a cam… text/html 2026-08-11T02:56:43+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_depth_of_field&rev=1786417003&do=diff CMS Depth of Field I.Definition Depth of Field (DoF) of a CMS (Camera–Monitor System) refers to the object-distance range behind the vehicle over which targets can be sharply imaged. In optical imaging, object points outside the focal plane produce defocused blur on the image sensor, typically described by the \(MTF10_{(1:1)}\)$$MTF10_{(1:1)} \geq 0.9^*MTF10_{MIN(1:1)} \left[ \text{LW/PH} \right]\tag{1}$$$$MTF10_{(1:1)} \geq \frac{1}{2} MTF10_{MIN(1:1)} \left[ \text{LW/PH} \right]]\tag{2}$$$… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:light_sources:multispectral_light_box&rev=1783670585&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Multispectral Light Booth — Setting a New Standard for Optical Testing Accuracy, Providing Precise "Calibration" Answers for Every Ray of Light text/html 2026-07-28T05:44:22+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:depth_of_field&rev=1785217462&do=diff Depth of Field I.Concept The depth of field (DOF) is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image captured with a camera.According to the extent of the region that appears acceptably sharp, depth of field can be classified as either a shallow depth of field or a large depth of field.$$\text{DOF} \approx \frac{2 u^2 N c}{f^2}$$$\text{DOF}$$u$$N$$c$$f$$f$$u$$N$ text/html 2026-08-24T07:55:03+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=wiki:langswitch_map&rev=1787558103&do=diff  Language Switch Map 维护说明： * 第一列是中文页面ID * 第二列是英文页面ID * 只改表格，不要改格式 * 新增映射时一行一条 中文页ID 英文页ID yanding:成像基础知识:光学:几何光学:主光线角 text/html 2026-08-20T02:50:53+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:image_quality_factors:noise&rev=1787194253&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Noise I. Definition Image noise refers to the unintended interference superimposed on the target signal during image acquisition, transmission, or processing. Its external manifestation is the $\sigma_{\text{signal}} = \sqrt{N_{\text{signal}}}$$I_{\text{dark}} \propto A \cdot T^3 e^{-\frac{E_g}{kT}}$$I_{\text{dark}}$$T$$E_g$$k$$A$$\sigma_{\text{dark… text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:camera%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4&rev=1784811078&do=diff 动态范围 一、什么是动态范围 动态范围（Dynamic Range，简称DR） 对于图像信号来说，指可变化信号最大值与最小值的比值；用于描述成像设备能同时记录真实场景的最暗区域到最亮区域的最大亮度范围，常用分贝（dB)、曝光数值（EV）或 ”档“（f-stops) 为单位计量。 text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:14+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:adas_test_cases:contrast_performance_index_cpi&rev=1783670594&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Contrast Performance Indicators (CPI) 1. Concept of Contrast Performance Indicators (CPI) Contrast is a crucial fundamental condition for distinguishing objects from their surroundings. Contrast Performance Indicators (CPI) are used to evaluate the contrast reproduction capability of an imaging system and are mainly divided into two types: Contrast … text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:white_balance&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) White Balance The environment we live in is vibrant and colorful, featuring a red umbrella, a yellow beach chair, or a clear blue sky. White balance is utilized in cameras to ensure accurate color reproduction of subjects during capture. In addition to automatic color adjustment, semi-automatic and manual adjustments are also available. text/html 2026-07-24T02:37:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:imaging_systems:lidar:tof&rev=1784860639&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Time of Flight (ToF) Time of Flight (ToF) is a sensing technology that acquires the depth or distance of a target object by measuring the time required for light, sound, or particles to travel a certain distance through a medium.$\Delta t$$ c $$$d = \frac{c \cdot \Delta t}{2}$$ text/html 2026-07-24T07:49:48+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:test_cases&rev=1784879388&do=diff Test Cases This section provides practical test cases for image quality evaluation, organized by application: * Camera Test Cases * Image Quality Evaluation Overview * Dynamic Range * Noise * Sharpness * White Balance * Distortion * Uniformity * Color Reproduction * Chromatic Aberration * Field of View * Exposure Time * Frame Rate * Glare * Spatial Frequency Response (SFR) * Texture Loss * Gray Scale Response * Image Stabilization * MTF/S… text/html 2026-08-21T14:40:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:image_quality_factors&rev=1787323226&do=diff Image Quality Factors This section covers common image quality issues in imaging systems, including: * MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) * Acutance * Distortion * Flare * White Balance * Noise * Dynamic Range * Chromatic Aberration * Field of View * Uniformity (Shading) * Spatial Frequency Units text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%8C%87%E6%A0%87:%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4_dynamic_range&rev=1784811077&do=diff 动态范围（Dynamic Range） 逆光拍摄时，天空过曝看不清细节，前景人物却黑成 “剪影”（见图1）；夜间拍路灯场景，灯源过曝刺眼，而路边的行人和路标却隐入暗部难以分辨（见图2）；室内外混合光照下，窗边强光过曝，房间角落却一片模糊（见图3） —— 这些拍摄中常见的“遗憾”，本质都是相机动态范围不足导致的。动态范围是相机 “捕捉明暗细节的能力边界”，接下来，本文将深入探讨动态范围背后的原理。$DR_{dB}=20log_{10}(\frac{L_{max}}{L_{min}})$$L_{max}$$L_{min}$… text/html 2025-12-23T01:56:30+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95:iso_15739_%E5%99%AA%E5%A3%B0%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95&rev=1766454990&do=diff ISO 15739：噪声测试 概述 ISO 15739标准规定了数字相机噪声（Noise)和动态范围 (Dynamic Range)​的测试方法。 标准： ISO 15739 Photography — Electronic still-picture imaging — Noise measurements 技术委员会： ISO/TC 42 Photography 术语和定义${L_{j}}$$g(L_{j})$$$ g(L_{j}) = \frac{1}{2} [ \frac{ I(L_{j})-I(L_{i}) } {L_{j}-L_{i} } + \frac { I(L_{k}) - I(L_{j}) } {L_{k}-L_{j}} ] $$$I(L_{j})$$L_{j}$$L_{i}$$L_{k}$$L_{j}$$$ Q_{total} = \frac{ g(L_{j})* L_{j} }{ \varrho_{total}… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:33+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:ieee_2020_2024_flare&rev=1783670613&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) IEEE 2020-2024 Standard Flare Test I. Definition of Flare Flare refers to non-imaging light that propagates to the image plane along unintended optical paths, resulting in reduced image contrast and undesirable imaging artifacts. In this standard, $$F=\frac{S_{Black}}{S_{White}}\times 100\%$$$S_{Black}$$S_{White}$$L_{ref}$$R_{ref}$$R_{flare}$$E_{f… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:iso_16505_cms_depth_of_field&rev=1783670615&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) ISO 16505: CMS Depth of Field Test Definition: Depth of field is the distance range over which the imaging resolution of the $$MTF10_{(1:1)} \geq 0,9^*MTF10_{MIN(1:1)} \left[ \text{LW/PH} \right]\tag{1}$$$$MTF10_{(1:1)} \geq \frac{1}{2} MTF10_{MIN(1:1)} \left[ \text{LW/PH} \right]]\tag{2}$$$$MTF10_{\text{MIN}(1:1)/\text{hor}} = \left( \frac{W_{\text… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:standardized_testing:iso_17957_shading&rev=1783670616&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) ISO 17957: Shading Test The ISO 17957 standard specifies the shading measurement methods for digital cameras (including camera phones). This method includes test procedures for measuring both color signal components and luminance signal components.$$D_L = \max\left[L^*(i)\right] - \ min\left[L^*(i)\right] $$$$D_Y = \frac{\max[Y(i)] - \min[Y(i)]}{\max… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:14+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:adas_test_cases:flicker&rev=1783670594&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Flicker 1. What is Flicker In the field of automotive imaging, Flicker refers to the phenomenon of periodic brightness fluctuations, banding, or local brightness instability in images captured by a camera. This phenomenon is not the text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:field_of_view&rev=1784807985&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Field of View I. Concept of Field of View In the field of photography, Angle of View (AOV) and field of view (FOV) text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:06+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:light_sources:traffic_light_simulation_platform&rev=1783670586&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Yanding Road Traffic Signal Light Simulation and Testing Platform With the continuous development of autonomous driving technology, corresponding testing methods must also be upgraded synchronously. Current testing mostly focuses on lane detection, object tracking, and scene understanding. However, road traffic signal light recognition, as a critical… text/html 2026-07-24T02:37:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:imaging_systems:lidar:lidar_overview&rev=1784860639&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) LiDAR 1. What is LiDAR? LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an active sensing technology that acquires precise dimensions and spatial configurations of targets by emitting laser beams and analyzing the echo signals (e.g., Time of Flight (ToF) or frequency difference (FMCW)). Compared to passive imaging solutions that rely on ambient light (such a… text/html 2026-07-24T02:37:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:imaging_systems:lidar:point_cloud&rev=1784860639&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Point Cloud 1. Definition: A point cloud is a collection of points acquired in 3D space and output by LiDAR. By recording the reflection of laser pulses off object surfaces, it translates the geometric shapes of the physical world into a massive set of discrete spatial coordinate points. It serves as the core foundational data for environment percep… text/html 2026-07-10T08:02:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:radiometry_photometry:lv_luminance_exitance_conversion&rev=1783670567&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Conversion between Lv, Luminance, and Luminous Exitance Background: Expressing Film Speed on a Logarithmic Scale$$S_v = \log_2 (N S_x) \tag{1}$$$S_x$$S_v$$S_x$$S_v$$$E_v = A_v + T_v = B_v + S_v \tag{2}$$$A_v$$T_v$$B_v$$S_v$$$2^{E_v} = \frac{A^2}{T} = \frac{B S_x}{K} \tag{3}$$$$B = \frac{2^{E_v} \cdot K}{S_x} \quad (\textrm{fL}) \tag{4}$$$$1 \space\te… text/html 2026-08-20T02:50:54+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&rev=1787194254&do=diff 图像质量指标 * 空间频率响应 * 动态范围 * 噪声 * 均匀性 * 杂光 * 畸变 * 视场角 * 色差 * 锐度 * 白平衡 text/html 2026-07-15T12:13:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:keywords&rev=1784117593&do=diff dynamic range/color reproduction/spatial frequency response/uniformity/distortion/flare/flicker/CMS/test charts text/html 2025-10-29T11:11:08+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=wiki:dokuwiki&rev=1761736268&do=diff DokuWiki wiki:dokuwiki DokuWiki is a simple to use and highly versatile Open Source wiki software that doesn't require a database. It is loved by users for its clean and readable syntax. The ease of maintenance, backup and integration makes it an administrator's favorite. Built in text/html 2026-08-20T02:50:54+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%8C%87%E6%A0%87:%E5%99%AA%E5%A3%B0_noise&rev=1787194254&do=diff 噪声（Noise） 一、定义 图像噪声（Image Noise）是指在图像采集、传输或处理过程中，叠加于目标信号之上的非预期干扰。其外在表现为像素亮度或色度的随机波动（如颗粒感、杂色、不规则斑点等）。噪声直接影响图像信噪比（SNR）与视觉质量，是限制$\sigma_{\text{signal}} = \sqrt{N_{\text{signal}}}$$I_{\text{dark}} \propto A \cdot T^3 e^{-\frac{E_g}{kT}}$$I_{\text{dark}}$$T$$E_g$$k$$A$$\sigma_{\text{dark}} = \sqrt{N_{\text{dark}}}$$\sigma_{\text{dark}}$$N_{\text{dark}}$$V_{\text{KTC}} = \sqrt{\frac{kT}{C}}$$V_{\text{thermal}} = \sqrt{4kTRB}$$V_{\text{thermal}} $$S_V(f) \propto \frac{1}{f^\gamma}$$$\text{RMS Noise} … text/html 2025-11-18T07:38:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95:qc_t_1128-2019_%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6%E7%94%A8%E6%91%84%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%B4_%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88&rev=1763451496&do=diff 《QC/T 1128-2019：汽车用摄像头》图像解决方案 概述 《QC/T 1128-2019：汽车用摄像头》是我国汽车行业推荐性标准，2019 年发布实施，适用于汽车行驶辅助、环视、倒车等场景的车载摄像头，涵盖光学性能、成像质量、可靠性等相关参数要求与测试方法。本篇文章将重点解读其图像性能测试内容。$\text{SNR (dB)} = 20\log_{10}\left(\frac{\text{Si}}{\text{Ni}}\right)$${Si}$\( i \)${Ni}$\( i \)$$\text{DR} = 20 \left( D_{\text{SNR}=1} - D_{\text{SNR}=\text{MAX}} \right)$$$D_{\text{SNR}=1}$$D_{\text{SNR}=\text{MAX}}$$t_{on}$$t_{SL}$$$\theta_{\text{icolor}} = \begin{cases} \arctan\left( \dfrac{v'_{ti} - v'_{tr}}{u'_{ti} - u'_{tr}} \right) … text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:glare&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Glare When light from a strong light source (such as the sun or artificial light) reaches the lens directly, it reflects and bounces off various lens elements and even the sensor, thereby degrading image quality and creating unwanted artifacts in the image. This phenomenon is known as text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:uniformity&rev=1784807987&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Uniformity I. Concept of Uniformity Uniformity encompasses image luminance uniformity and image color uniformity. text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:24+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms&rev=1783670604&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Concept The Camera Monitor System (CMS), commonly referred to in the industry as the electronic rearview mirror text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_horizontal_uniformity&rev=1783670607&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Horizontal Uniformity 1. Definition CMS (Camera Monitor System), commonly referred to in the industry as an electronic rearview mirror, uses a $$\frac{\max\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \right) \right\} - \min\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \right) \right\}}{\max\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \ri… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:collimators:object_distance_calculation&rev=1783670590&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Object Distance Calculation for Collimators Collimators are designed with infinity as the target object distance, but in practical applications, the object distance that yields the sharpest image of the DUT may be finite. According to the principles of lens imaging, when the target is located outside or inside the focal plane of the collimating objec… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:light_sources:nd_filter&rev=1783670585&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Introduction and Application of Neutral Density Filters A Neutral Density Filter (ND filter) is an optical device used to uniformly attenuate the intensity of incident light without altering its spectral color temperature. Its core function is to flexibly control the amount of light entering the lens in high-brightness environments, accommodating spe… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:test_charts:18_gray&rev=1783670587&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) 18% Gray I. What is 18% Gray? 18% gray refers to a neutral gray with a light reflectance of 18%, commonly used for exposure calibration (e.g., using a gray card) and color management (e.g., custom white balance, post-production color grading reference). text/html 2026-07-24T05:17:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:imaging_systems:camera_module:auto_exposure&rev=1784870256&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Auto Exposure (AE) Proper exposure makes images look more realistic and comfortable, and it is the first and crucial step affecting subsequent image processing. The three common parameters for controlling exposure are exposure time, sensitivity (ISO), and aperture. As one of the three common means to control exposure, aperture is rarely mentioned in … text/html 2026-07-24T02:37:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:imaging_systems:lidar:fmcw&rev=1784860639&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) 1. Definition and Principles: Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW)$\Delta t$$\Delta t/2$$c$$3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$$$r = \frac{\Delta t}{2} \times c$$$f_d$$\lambda$$$v = \frac{f_d \times \lambda}{2}$$ text/html 2026-07-10T08:02:41+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:colorimetry:cie_colorimetric_system&rev=1783670561&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CIE Colorimetric System 1. History and Fundamentals In the early 19th century, it was discovered that the human eye has three types of cells for color perception. It was also known that two lights with different spectra could produce the same color (metamerism). It was hypothesized that each cone cell has a spectral sensitivity corresponding to R, G… text/html 2026-07-10T08:02:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:colorimetry:cie_standard_illuminants&rev=1783670560&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CIE Standard Illuminants CIE Standard Illuminants are “theoretical spectral power distribution (SPD) data$M_{e,\lambda}$$(1/3, 1/3)$ text/html 2026-07-10T08:02:43+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:colorimetry:cri_ra_vs_ri&rev=1783670563&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Difference Between Color Rendering Index Ra and Ri In fields such as lighting design, color management, and image creation, the color rendering index is a core metric for evaluating a light source's ability to reproduce object colors. $$R_i = 100 - 4.6 \Delta E$$$ \Delta E_i$$ \Delta E_i$$R_{i}$$$Ra =\frac{(R₁+R₂+R₃+R₄+R₅+R₆+R₇+R₈)}{8}$$… text/html 2026-07-27T06:13:03+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:entrance_pupil&rev=1785132783&do=diff Entrance Pupil When observing the human eye, a dark circular opening known as the pupil can be seen, through which incident light enters the eye. Physiologically, the pupil is the aperture located at the center of the iris. However, the visible pupil is not the physical opening itself, but the image of the pupil formed by the refractive structures in front of it, such as the cornea and aqueous humor. text/html 2026-07-24T05:20:31+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:radiation_and_luminescence:led&rev=1784870431&do=diff Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) I.Definition A Light-Emitting Diode (LED) is a solid-state semiconductor device centered around a PN junction. When an electric current passes through the chip, electrons from the N-type region and holes from the P-type region undergo radiative recombination at the junction. This process releases energy in the form of photons, achieving the direct conversion of electrical energy into light.$E_g$$E = h\nu$$c = \lambda\nu$$\lambda$ text/html 2026-07-22T08:42:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:radiometry_photometry:luminous_exitance&rev=1784709727&do=diff Luminous Exitance Luminous exitance (symbol: $M_v$, $M$)is a fundamental physical quantity in photometry used to characterize the emission properties of a surface light source. It quantifies the capability of a surface to emit visible light outwards, describing the total luminous flux output per unit area, regardless of the directional distribution of the emitted light.$d\Phi_v$$2\pi$$dA$$d\Phi_v$$dA$$$M_v = \frac{d\Phi_v}{dA}$$$d\Phi_v$$dA$$lm$$dA$$m^2$$\text{lm/m}^2$$(M_v)$$(E)$$lx$$1\ \mathr… text/html 2026-07-21T12:02:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:radiometry_photometry:luminous_flux&rev=1784635357&do=diff Luminous Flux Definition Luminous flux (symbol:$\Phi_v$ ) is a photometric quantity that measures the light power perceived by the human eye. It represents the total luminous energy emitted by a light source per unit time, and directly reflects the overall brightness of the source.$$1\ \text{lm} = 1\ \text{cd} \times 1\ \text{sr}$$$lm$$$\Phi_{v}(\lambda)=K_{m}V(\lambda)\Phi_{e}(\lambda)$$$K_{m}$$\Phi_{v}(\lambda)$$V(\lambda)$$\lambda$$\Phi_v$$$ \Phi_v = \int_{(\Omega)} I_v \, d\Omega$$$\Omega… text/html 2026-07-23T06:27:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:radiometry_photometry:radiant_flux&rev=1784788070&do=diff Radiant Flux I.Definition Radiant flux ($\Phi_e$), also known as radiant power, is the time rate of change of radiant energy. It represents the total radiant energy emitted, transferred, or received per unit time. The quantity is denoted by $\Phi_e$ or $P$ and is defined as:$$\Phi_\text{e} = \frac{\mathrm{d}Q_\text{e}}{\mathrm{d}t}$$$Q_\text{e}$$t$$\Phi_e$$\Phi_e$$$\Phi_e = K \cdot S$$$S$$K$$$\Phi_e = \int_{\lambda_1}^{\lambda_2} \Phi_{e,\lambda}(\lambda) d\lambda$$$I(\theta,\varphi)$$$ \Phi …