https://wiki.yanding.com/ 2026-08-07T06:02:43+00:00 https://wiki.yanding.com/ https://wiki.yanding.com/lib/tpl/myconfluence/images/favicon.ico text/html 2026-04-03T10:05:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95:emva_1288_%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E4%BC%A0%E6%84%9F%E5%99%A8%E4%B8%8E%E7%9B%B8%E6%9C%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E8%A1%A8%E5%BE%81%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86&rev=1775210734&do=diff EMVA 1288：图像传感器与相机性能表征标准 一、背景 EMVA 1288 标准由欧洲机器视觉协会（EMVA）于 2004 年发起倡议，旨在解决工业成像领域各厂商指标口径不一、数据无法横向对比的痛点。自 2005 年发布首版以来，该标准将复杂的相机表现转化为可量化的物理参数，为$\eta$$K$$K = \frac{\text{DN}}{\text{e}^-}$$\mathrm{SNR_{p,max}}$$T_d$$$ \eta = \frac{\mu_e}{\mu_p} \tag{1}$$$\mu_p$$\mu_e$$$\mu_y = \mu_{y,\text{dark}} + K \eta \mu_p \tag{2}$$$\mu_y $$ \mu_{y,\text{dark}}$$K$$\text{DN}/e^-$$$\eta = \frac{\mu_y - \mu_{y,\text{dark}}}{K \mu_p} \tag{3}$$$\mu_p$$\mu_p(\lambda)$${\mu_e}​$$$\mu_p = R^{-1}\left( \mu_y - \mu_{y… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:camera%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:%E5%9D%87%E5%8C%80%E6%80%A7&rev=1784807987&do=diff 均匀性 一、均匀性的概念 均匀性包含图像亮度均匀性和图像色彩均匀性。 亮度均匀性指的是图像从中心到四周边缘的亮度分布一致性。亮度均匀性较差时，即图像的中心到边缘会出现亮度不一致现象，如图1，呈现中心亮，四周偏暗现象，即亮度衰减问题。 text/html 2025-11-27T02:37:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95:iso_17957_shading%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95&rev=1764211047&do=diff ISO 17957：Shading测试 ISO 17957标准规定了数字相机（包括拍照手机）的Shading测量方法，该方法包含测量颜色信号分量和亮度信号分量的测试方法。 术语和定义 1.亮度阴影 / 亮度不均匀性 （luminance shading / luminance non-uniformity）$$D_L = \max\left[L^*(i)\right] - \ min\left[L^*(i)\right] $$$$D_Y = \frac{\max[Y(i)] - \min[Y(i)]}{\max[Y(i)]} \times 100$$$ a^*(i) $$b^*(i) $$( \overline{a^*})$$( \overline{b^*} )$$$\overline{a^*} = \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} a^*(i) \quad $$$$\overline{b^*} = \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} b^*(i) $$$$D_c(i) = \sqrt{\left[ a^*(i) - \overline{a… text/html 2025-10-31T07:20:23+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7:%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A1:%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A1%E6%9D%90%E8%B4%A8%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97&rev=1761895223&do=diff 图卡材质选择指南 图卡是光学检测、成像系统测试等领域的核心工具，其材质直接影响测试精度、使用寿命与适用场景。合理选择图卡材质，需结合测试模式（反射/透射）、分辨率要求、环境适应性等需求，对各类材质的优缺点进行全面分析。 text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%8C%87%E6%A0%87:%E5%99%AA%E5%A3%B0_noise&rev=1784811100&do=diff 噪声（Noise） 一、定义 图像噪声（Image Noise）是指在图像采集、传输或处理过程中，叠加于目标信号之上的非预期干扰。其外在表现为像素亮度或色度的随机波动（如颗粒感、杂色、不规则斑点等）。噪声直接影响图像信噪比（SNR）与视觉质量，是限制$\sigma_{\text{signal}} = \sqrt{N_{\text{signal}}}$$I_{\text{dark}} \propto A \cdot T^3 e^{-\frac{E_g}{kT}}$$I_{\text{dark}}$$T$$E_g$$k$$A$$\sigma_{\text{dark}} = \sqrt{N_{\text{dark}}}$$\sigma_{\text{dark}}$$N_{\text{dark}}$$V_{\text{KTC}} = \sqrt{\frac{kT}{C}}$$V_{\text{thermal}} = \sqrt{4kTRB}$$V_{\text{thermal}} $$S_V(f) \propto \frac{1}{f^\gamma}$$$\text{RMS Noise} … text/html 2026-07-16T08:09:57+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86:%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6:%E8%89%B2%E5%BA%A6%E5%AD%A6:cie%E8%89%B2%E5%BA%A6%E5%AD%A6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&rev=1784189397&do=diff CIE色度学系统 一、历史和基础 19世纪三色视觉理论基础 19世纪早期，学界已证实人眼视网膜存在三类视锥感光细胞负责色彩感知，同时观测到同色异谱现象：不同光谱组成的光线，可在人眼产生完全一致的色彩观感。$2^\circ$$435.8\ \text{nm}$$546.1\ \text{nm}$$700\ \text{nm}$$$ \hat{r}(\lambda),\ \hat{g}(\lambda),\ \hat{b}(\lambda) $$$\hat{g}(\lambda)$$$ \bar{y}(\lambda) = V(\lambda) $$$V(\lambda)$$\hat{g}(\lambda)$$$ \bar{x}(\lambda),\ \bar{y}(\lambda),\ \bar{z}(\lambda) $$$2^\circ$$4^\circ$$10^\circ$$$ \bar{x}_{10}(\lambda),\ \bar{y}_{10}(\lambda),\ \bar{z}_{10}(\lambda) $$$4^\circ$$X,Y,Z$$$ \begin{ca… text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%8C%87%E6%A0%87:%E5%9D%87%E5%8C%80%E6%80%A7_shading&rev=1784811077&do=diff 均匀性 一、均匀性的概念 均匀性包含图像亮度均匀性和图像色彩均匀性。 亮度均匀性指的是图像从中心到四周边缘的亮度分布一致性。亮度均匀性较差时，即图像的中心到边缘会出现亮度不一致现象，如图1，呈现中心亮，四周偏暗现象，即亮度衰减问题。 text/html 2026-07-30T05:50:09+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%8C%87%E6%A0%87:mtf_sfr_%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E4%B8%8E%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5&rev=1785390609&do=diff 成像系统的“视力表”：MTF/SFR 深度解析与测试实践 当我们谈论成像系统的分辨率（客观物理极限），以及锐度与清晰度（主观视觉感知） 时，MTF/SFR 是量化这些主、客观维度的核心指标，它通过 MTF 曲线，直观地揭示了系统在不同细节尺度下的对比度传递能力。$M = \frac{I_{\max} - I_{\min}}{I_{\max} + I_{\min}}$$ f_{N}= 1 / (2 x PixelPitch)$$$Q = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{N} SFR_i \, CSF_i}{\sum_{i=1}^{N} CSF_i}, \quad i = 1, 2, \dots, N \tag{L.2}$$\(SFR_i\)\(i\)\(CSF_i\)\(i\)\(N\)$$csf_{\text{lum}}(f) = \frac{(a \cdot f^c) e^{-bf}}{K} \tag{L.1}$$$a = 75$$b = 0.2$$c = 0.8$$K = 102.16$$f$$f_{cut}​ $$$f_{\text{cycles/degree}} = \f… text/html 2026-04-07T07:22:39+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:cms%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:cms_%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91%E5%9D%87%E5%8C%80%E6%80%A7&rev=1775546559&do=diff CMS方向均匀性 一、定义 CMS （Camera Monitor System，摄像头监控系统）行业称为电子后视镜，是用摄像头+监视器的组合来取代传统的光学后视镜，显示模式为外部摄像头采集图像，处理后显示在舱内显示屏内，同时可以集成类似盲区预警、障碍物提示等功能。$$\frac{\max\left\{ \left| L_i - L\left( \Theta_{\text{monitor}/D}, \Phi_{\text{monitor}/D} \right) \right| \right\}}{L\left( \Theta_{\text{monitor}/D}, \Phi_{\text{monitor}/D} \right)} < 35\%$$$$\frac{\max\left\{ \left| L_{i'} - L\left( \Theta_{\text{monitor}/D}, \Phi_{\text{monitor}/D} \right) \right| \right\}}{L\left( \Theta_{\text{monitor}/D}, \Phi_{\text{mon… text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7:%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A1:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%90%88%E9%80%82%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A1&rev=1784811078&do=diff 如何选择合适图卡？ 在图像质量评估（如摄像头、显示设备、激光雷达等）中，测试图卡是标准化、可复现的核心工具 —— 它能将 “主观视觉感受” 转化为 “客观数据指标”。本文将从基础概念出发，拆解图卡的用途、参数与选型逻辑、图卡材质与装裱、图卡的使用与存储，帮助你精准匹配测试需求以及正确使用图卡。$tan\frac{DFOV}{2}=\frac{D /2}{S}$$D=2S\frac{DFOV}{2}$$OD = \log_{10}\left( \frac{I_{0}}{I} \right)$$实际最小物理精度（微米）=\frac{25400}{DPI}$… text/html 2025-11-07T09:02:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95:ieee_2020-2024_flicker%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95&rev=1762506166&do=diff IEEE 2020-2024 Flicker测试 一、闪烁（Flicker)的定义 闪烁（Flicker）指相机拍摄的图像中出现周期性明暗波动、条纹或局部亮度不稳定的现象。该现象本质上是时间采样不匹配导致的问题，LED 灯通常以每秒数百次的频率脉冲发光，其表观亮度通过调整脉冲的占空比（即亮灯时间在一个周期内的占比）来控制，而由于人眼相当于一个天然的时间低通滤波器，这种高频脉冲在视觉上会被 “平滑” 为持续稳定的光效，因此人眼看到的 LED 灯处于恒定亮灯状态。但拍摄光源的相机可能会与这些波动以相同的时间尺度进行曝光，使得相机更容易捕捉到光源本身的动态变化。$$ FMI = 100 \times \frac{x_{\max} - x_{\min}}{x_{\max} + x_{\min}} $$$x_{\max}$$x_{\min}$$$ FDI = Prob\left(\frac{x_{\mathrm{meas}} - x_{\mathrm{ref\,off}}}{x_{\mathrm{ref\,off}}} \geq \tau \right)$$$FDI$$Prob$$x_{\m… text/html 2025-11-07T09:02:08+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95:ieee_2020-2024_cpi%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95&rev=1762506128&do=diff IEEE 2020-2024 CPI测试 CPI的定义 对比度是区分物体与环境的重要基础条件。对比度表现指标（Contrast Performance Indicators，简称 CPI）是用于评估成像系统的对比度再现能力的测试指标，主要有两种：$(L_{in})$$(L_{in})=(L_{max}+L_{min})/2$$L_{in}$$L_{max}$$L_{min}$$L_{max} $$L_{min}$$C_{W}$$C_{M}$$C_{W}=\frac{L_{max}}{L_{min}}-1$$C_{W}$$L_{max} $$L_{min}$$C_{W}$$L_{min}$$C_{M}=\frac{L_{max}-L_{min}}{L_{max}+L_{min}}$$L_{max}$$L_{min}$$C_{M}$$C_{\text{PDF}}$$\frac{n(n-1)}{2}$${C_{mean}}$${\delta}$$C_{in}$$CTA_{C_{\text{in}}} = P\left[(C_{\text{in}} - \delta_- \times C_… text/html 2025-11-18T07:38:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95:qc_t_1128-2019_%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6%E7%94%A8%E6%91%84%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%B4_%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88&rev=1763451496&do=diff 《QC/T 1128-2019：汽车用摄像头》图像解决方案 概述 《QC/T 1128-2019：汽车用摄像头》是我国汽车行业推荐性标准，2019 年发布实施，适用于汽车行驶辅助、环视、倒车等场景的车载摄像头，涵盖光学性能、成像质量、可靠性等相关参数要求与测试方法。本篇文章将重点解读其图像性能测试内容。$\text{SNR (dB)} = 20\log_{10}\left(\frac{\text{Si}}{\text{Ni}}\right)$${Si}$\( i \)${Ni}$\( i \)$$\text{DR} = 20 \left( D_{\text{SNR}=1} - D_{\text{SNR}=\text{MAX}} \right)$$$D_{\text{SNR}=1}$$D_{\text{SNR}=\text{MAX}}$$t_{on}$$t_{SL}$$$\theta_{\text{icolor}} = \begin{cases} \arctan\left( \dfrac{v'_{ti} - v'_{tr}}{u'_{ti} - u'_{tr}} \right) … text/html 2026-04-07T07:23:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:cms%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:cms_%E6%A8%AA%E5%90%91%E5%9D%87%E5%8C%80%E6%80%A7&rev=1775546585&do=diff CMS横向均匀性 一、定义 CMS（Camera Monitor System，摄像头监控系统）行业称为电子后视镜，是用摄像头+监视器的组合来取代传统的光学后视镜，显示模式为外部摄像头采集图像，处理后显示在舱内显示屏内，同时可以集成类似盲区预警、障碍物提示等功能。$$\frac{\max\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \right) \right\} - \min\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \right) \right\}}{\max\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \right) \right\}} < 35\%\tag{1}$$… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:camera%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&rev=1784807987&do=diff 成像质量评价 概述 成像质量评价（Image Quality Assessment, IQA）指在给定条件（如相机的被摄场景、照明环境及显示设备的输入等）下，对成像系统的成像性能（如分辨率、噪声、畸变、色彩、动态范围等）进行主客观分析与评估。成像质量直接影响图像的实用价值 —— 例如人类观察者的视觉体验（如欣赏照片或影片）或目视效果（如使用 text/html 2025-10-31T07:17:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7:%E5%85%89%E6%BA%90:%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E5%85%89%E6%BA%90%E7%AE%B1&rev=1761895075&do=diff 多光谱光源箱——为光学测试精度立新标，给每一道光精准“标定”答案 一、色温相同，颜色为何不同？ 色温，是对光色调的一种度量。一般来说，暖黄色光的色温较低，冷白色光的色温较高。看似同色温的光，实则蕴含着不同的 “光谱奥秘”。光谱，如同光的 “成分配方表” ，即使色温一致，不同光谱的光源，其成分也存在差异。 text/html 2026-07-27T03:27:08+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=wiki:langswitch_map&rev=1785122828&do=diff  Language Switch Map 维护说明： * 第一列是中文页面ID * 第二列是英文页面ID * 只改表格，不要改格式 * 新增映射时一行一条 中文页ID 英文页ID yanding:成像基础知识:光学:几何光学:主光线角 text/html 2025-12-15T09:51:12+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7:%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A1:18_%E7%81%B0&rev=1765792272&do=diff 18%灰 一、什么是18%灰 18 %灰是指光线反射率为 18%的中性灰色，常用于曝光校准（如使用灰卡）和色彩管理（如自定义白平衡、后期调色基准）。 常见的标准灰卡（一面18%灰、一面90%白），其18%、90%数值均指 text/html 2026-06-05T06:39:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95:iso_18844_%E6%9D%82%E5%85%89%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95&rev=1780641584&do=diff ISO 18844：杂光测试 概述 ISO 18844:2017标准规定了数字相机杂光(Flare)的测量方法。 使用标准： ISO 18844:2017 Photography — Digital cameras — Image flare measurement 技术委员会： ISO/TC 42 Photography 原理 摄影领域的相机杂光测量标准为 ISO 18844:2017。其核心逻辑是是在均匀照明或均匀发光的白色背景上，设置多个低反射/低透射的圆形黑色区域（即高密度光阱（黑点）的对角线阵列，见下图）。通过计算图像中黑色区域与白色背景的亮度比值，即杂光指数F，来定量评估杂光的严重程度。F值越小，杂光对像质的影响越小。 $$F=\frac{S_{Black}}{S_{White}}\times 100\%$$$S_{Black}$$S_{White}$$\frac{|E_\mathrm{max}-E_\mathrm{avg}|}{E_\mathrm{avg}}<0.05,\quad \frac{|E_\mathrm{min}-E_\mathrm{av… text/html 2026-05-18T06:11:04+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B2&rev=1779084664&do=diff 测试课堂 ADAS测试用例 * 对比度表现指标_cpi * 闪烁 flicker Camera测试用例 * 动态范围 * 噪声 * 均匀性 * 帧率 * 曝光时间 * 灰阶响应 * 畸变 * 白平衡 * 眩光 * 空间频率响应_sfr * 纹理丢失 * 色差 * 色彩还原 * 视场角 * 防抖 CMS测试用例 * CMS的介绍 * CMS视镜类型及视野要求 * CMS测试前所需参数 * 亮度对比度复现 * 灰度等级复现 * 方向均匀性 * 横向均匀性 * 双点光源 * 眩光 * 景深 * 色彩还原 * 帧率 * 锐度… text/html 2026-04-16T08:49:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95:iso_16505_cms%E8%89%B2%E5%BD%A9%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95&rev=1776329360&do=diff ISO 16505：CMS色彩还原测试 色彩还原（Colour rendering） 指摄像机监视系统（CMS）将目标图卡的原始色彩在显示器上准确再现的能力。 指标（ISO 16505 6.8.3）： 对于色彩还原，显示器上图卡色块再现颜色的色调角应满足以下要求。颜色坐标基于 CIE1976 色彩空间进行描述： $(u'_r′ , v'_r )$$(u'_{it} ,v'_{it})$$（Δu′=u'_{it} - u'_r、Δv′=v'_{it} - v'_r ）$$\left( (u'_{it} - u'_r) \geq 0 \text{且} (v'_{it} - v'_r) \geq 0 \right)：\theta_{icolor} = \arctan\left( \frac{v'_{it}-v'_r}{u'_{it}-u'_r} \right)$$\left( (u'_{it} - u'_r) < 0 \text{且} (v'_{it} - v'_r) \geq 0 \right)： \theta_{icolor} = 180^\circ + \arctan\left(… text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:camera%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:%E9%98%B2%E6%8A%96&rev=1784807987&do=diff 防抖 一、什么是抖动 在公园用手机抓拍奔跑的孩子，照片因模糊错失灵动瞬间；操控无人机航拍山河，画面的剧烈抖动让壮阔风光失了韵味；安防监控的关键时刻，影像模糊更是让重要信息无从捕捉…… 这些影响体验的问题，都指向同一个核心症结 —— text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:uniformity&rev=1784807987&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Uniformity I. Concept of Uniformity Uniformity encompasses image luminance uniformity and image color uniformity. text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86:%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6:%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6:%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%89%E7%BA%BF%E8%A7%92&rev=1784811078&do=diff 主光线角（CRA） 一、定义 主光线角（Chief Ray Angle，CRA）指主光线与像面法线之间的夹角。 * 主光线（Chief Ray）：物点发出的，指向孔径光阑中心的光线，称为主光线。与主光线相对应，经过孔径光阑边缘的光线，称为 text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:camera%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4&rev=1784811078&do=diff 动态范围 一、什么是动态范围 动态范围（Dynamic Range，简称DR） 对于图像信号来说，指可变化信号最大值与最小值的比值；用于描述成像设备能同时记录真实场景的最暗区域到最亮区域的最大亮度范围，常用分贝（dB)、曝光数值（EV）或 ”档“（f-stops) 为单位计量。 text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:camera%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:%E7%95%B8%E5%8F%98&rev=1784811078&do=diff 畸变 一、什么是畸变？ 畸变（Distortion）是指光学系统对物体所成的像相对于物体本身产生的几何失真。它由透镜边缘与中心区域的横向放大倍率不一致引起。畸变仅改变物体的空间几何形状，而不影响图像的清晰度（分辨率）。 text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&rev=1784811078&do=diff 图像质量指标 * 空间频率响应 * 动态范围 * 噪声 * 均匀性 * 杂光 * 畸变 * 视场角 * 色差 * 锐度 * 白平衡 text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:camera%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:%E8%89%B2%E5%B7%AE&rev=1784807987&do=diff 色差 一、什么是色差 色差，也称为“色边”或“紫边”，是一种常见的光学问题，当透镜不能将所有波长的颜色聚焦到同一焦平面时，或当颜色的波长聚焦在焦平面的不同位置时，就会出现这种问题。色差是一种常见的镜头像差现象，常在图像最暗或最亮的边界区域显现出彩色条纹或紫色条纹。它是如何产生的呢？ text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_horizontal_uniformity&rev=1783670607&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Horizontal Uniformity 1. Definition CMS (Camera Monitor System), commonly referred to in the industry as an electronic rearview mirror, uses a $$\frac{\max\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \right) \right\} - \min\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \right) \right\}}{\max\left\{ \left( L_{j/\text{white}}(\Theta, \Phi) \ri… text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:tools:test_charts:chart_selection_guide&rev=1784811078&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) How to Choose the Right Test Chart? In image quality evaluation (e.g., for cameras, display devices, LiDAR, etc.), test charts are standardized and reproducible core tools—they translate $tan\frac{DFOV}{2}=\frac{D /2}{S}$$D=2S\frac{DFOV}{2}$$OD = \log_{10}\left( \frac{I_{0}}{I} \right)$$实际最小物理精度（微米）=\frac{25400}{DPI}$ text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:chief_ray_angle&rev=1784811078&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Chief Ray Angle (CRA) 1. Definition The Chief Ray Angle (CRA) refers to the angle between the chief ray and the normal to the image plane. text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7:%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:camera%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B:%E7%99%BD%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1&rev=1784807987&do=diff 白平衡 我们生活的环境丰富多彩，一把红色的雨伞，一个黄色的海滩睡椅或者一个干净的蓝色天空。白平衡使用在相机中是为了在拍摄物体时能够获得正确的颜色。除了自动颜色调整，也能使用半自动和手动进行调节。 text/html 2026-01-16T02:00:21+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=camera%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B&rev=1768528821&do=diff *空间频率响应_sfr *纹理丢失 *灰阶响应 *动态范围 *噪声 *视场角 *畸变 *色差 *均匀性 *眩光 *色彩还原 *白平衡 *帧率 *曝光时间 *防抖 text/html 2025-10-29T08:32:41+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=keywords&rev=1761726761&do=diff 动态范围/色彩还原/空间频率响应/均匀性/畸变/杂光/闪烁/CMS/图卡 text/html 2026-07-24T07:13:06+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=start&rev=1784877186&do=diff ​​欢迎来到 研鼎知识库! 本知识库由研鼎独家创作，全程免费开放，聚焦成像基础知识与成像质量评估两大核心领域，旨在为不同需求的使用者提供体系化知识支持。 无论您是深耕实践的影像、光学工程师，专注前沿探索的科研工作者，或是对“图像如何形成”“图像优劣如何评判”抱有好奇的入门学习者，都能在此找到适配内容： text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=yanding:%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86:%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6:%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6:%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E5%9C%86&rev=1784811078&do=diff 最大成像圆 定义 最大成像圆（Max Image Circle，MIC）是镜头在像平面上形成的最大圆形成像区域，其直径称为成像圆直径（Image Circle Diameter）。MIC用于表征镜头对图像传感器的覆盖能力，是镜头与传感器匹配的重要光学参数。$\Phi$$W$$H$$D$$\Phi$$W$$H$$D$ text/html 2026-07-23T11:59:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:camera_test_cases:image_quality_evaluation&rev=1784807986&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Image Quality Assessment Overview Image Quality Assessment (IQA) refers to the subjective and objective analysis and evaluation of the imaging performance (such as resolution, noise, distortion, color, dynamic range, etc.) of an imaging system under given conditions (such as the captured scene, lighting environment, and display device input of a cam… text/html 2026-07-10T08:03:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:image_quality_evaluation:test_cases:cms_test_cases:cms_directional_uniformity&rev=1783670606&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) CMS Directional Uniformity 1. Definition CMS (Camera Monitor System), commonly referred to in the industry as an electronic rearview mirror, uses a $$\frac{\max\left\{ \left| L_i - L\left( \Theta_{\text{monitor}/D}, \Phi_{\text{monitor}/D} \right) \right| \right\}}{L\left( \Theta_{\text{monitor}/D}, \Phi_{\text{monitor}/D} \right)} < 35\%$$$$\frac{\… text/html 2026-07-23T12:51:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:maximum_image_circle&rev=1784811078&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Maximum Image Circle Definition The Maximum Image Circle (MIC) is the largest circular imaging area formed by a lens on the image plane, and its diameter is referred to as the Image Circle Diameter. The MIC is used to characterize the lens's coverage capability over the image sensor and is a critical optical parameter for matching the lens with the …