https://wiki.yanding.com/ 2026-07-11T05:28:34+00:00 https://wiki.yanding.com/ https://wiki.yanding.com/lib/tpl/myconfluence/images/favicon.ico text/html 2026-07-10T07:40:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:chief_ray_angle&rev=1783669258&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Chief Ray Angle (CRA) 1. Definition The Chief Ray Angle (CRA) refers to the angle between the chief ray and the normal to the image plane. text/html 2026-07-10T07:41:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:depth_of_field&rev=1783669260&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Depth of Field I. Concept of Depth of Field Before taking a picture, the camera must be focused. Theoretically, only the part of the image that is accurately focused is sharp, while objects in front of and behind the focal plane gradually become blurred as they deviate from the plane of focus. Influenced by factors such as the lens and shooting d… text/html 2026-07-10T07:41:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:entrance_pupil&rev=1783669260&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Entrance Pupil and Its Applications in Camera Imaging Testing When we observe the human eye, we can see a small black hole (i.e., the pupil), through which all incident light enters the eye. Physiologically, the pupil is the opening in the center of the iris, but what we observe is not the pupil itself, but rather the image of the pupil formed by the… text/html 2026-07-10T07:41:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:fisheye_entrance_pupil&rev=1783669261&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) (Fisheye) Entrance Pupil The article 入瞳 introduces the entrance pupil in paraxial imaging, assuming that the entrance pupil and the aperture stop are a pair of conjugate object and image. This one-to-one concept of the entrance pupil applies to ideal lenses or telephoto (long focal length, narrow angle) lenses. However, if we observe a fisheye (ultra… text/html 2026-07-10T07:40:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:law_of_rectilinear_propagation&rev=1783669259&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Law of Rectilinear Propagation In an isotropic and homogeneous medium, light propagates in straight lines. This is the most fundamental optical phenomenon, capable of explaining everyday occurrences such as the formation of shadows, solar eclipses, and pinhole imaging. text/html 2026-07-10T07:40:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:law_of_reflection&rev=1783669258&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Law of Reflection When light propagates to the interface between two different media, a portion of the light returns to the original medium. This phenomenon is known as the reflection of light. The reflection of light follows these laws: \(\theta _{r}=\theta _{i}\) text/html 2026-07-10T07:40:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:law_of_refraction&rev=1783669259&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Law of Refraction When light travels obliquely from one transparent medium into another (e.g., from air into water), its direction of propagation changes. This phenomenon is known as the refraction of light. Refraction occurs because light travels at different speeds in different media.$$n_1 \times \sin(\theta_1) = n_2 \times \sin(\theta_2)$$$n_1$$n_… text/html 2026-07-10T07:41:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.yanding.com/doku.php?id=en:yanding:imaging_basics:optics:geometric_optics:maximum_image_circle&rev=1783669261&do=diff FIXME This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation. (remove this paragraph once the translation is finished) Maximum Image Circle Definition The Maximum Image Circle (MIC) is the largest circular imaging area formed by a lens on the image plane, and its diameter is referred to as the Image Circle Diameter. The MIC is used to characterize the lens's coverage capability over the image sensor and is a critical optical parameter for matching the lens with the …