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Chromatic Aberration

1. What is Chromatic Aberration


Chromatic aberration, also known as “color fringing</description>
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Color Reproduction

1. Definition of Color Reproduction

Color reproduction refers to the process by which color film reproduces the colors of a photographic image to closely match the original object through shooting and printing. In digital cameras, it refers to the ability to restore the colors of a photographic image through data processing and co…</description>
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Distortion

1. What is Distortion?

Distortion refers to the geometric distortion of the image formed by an optical system relative to the object itself. It is caused by the inconsistency of lateral magnification between the edge and the center of the lens. Distortion only alters the spatial geometry of the object and does not affect the sharpness (re…</description>
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Dynamic Range

I. What is Dynamic Range


Dynamic Range (DR)
For image signals, it refers to the ratio of the maximum to the minimum value of the variable signal; it is used to describe the maximum luminance range from the darkest to the brightest areas of a real scene that an imaging device can simultaneously record. It is commonly measured in decibe…</description>
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Exposure Time

1. What is Exposure Time?

In layman's terms, exposure time is the time interval from pressing the shutter button to releasing it, measured in seconds. From a professional perspective, exposure time mainly refers to the photosensitive duration of the sensor. The longer the exposure time, the brighter the image, which is suitable for low…</description>
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Field of View

I. Concept of Field of View

In the field of photography, Angle of View (AOV) and field of view (FOV)</description>
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Frame Rate

1. What is Frame Rate?

Essentially, a video is composed of a sequence of still images. These still images are the smallest unit of a video, known as frames. Frame rate refers to the number of consecutive frames captured or displayed per second, measured in Hz (Hertz) or frames per second (fps). For example, 30 fps means 30 consecutive fra…</description>
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Glare

When light from a strong light source (such as the sun or artificial light) reaches the lens directly, it reflects and bounces off various lens elements and even the sensor, thereby degrading image quality and creating unwanted artifacts in the image. This phenomenon is known as</description>
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Grayscale Response

I. Concept of Grayscale


Grayscale refers to the division of luminance variations between the brightest and darkest points into different levels. It is generally divided into seven rough levels: white, grayish-white, light gray, gray, dark gray, light black, and black. Each level represents a change in luminance, largely reflectin…</description>
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Image Quality Assessment

Overview

Image Quality Assessment (IQA) refers to the subjective and objective analysis and evaluation of the imaging performance (such as resolution, noise, distortion, color, dynamic range, etc.) of an imaging system under given conditions (such as the captured scene, lighting environment, and display device input of a cam…</description>
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Image Stabilization

1. What is Camera Shake

When capturing a running child in a park with a smartphone, a blurred photo misses the lively moment; when operating a drone to photograph landscapes, severe camera shake in the footage ruins the charm of the magnificent scenery; at critical moments in security surveillance, blurred images make it impossib…</description>
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MTF/SFR Measurement — Dead Leaves Method

Principle:

Based on a random circular texture pattern that closely resembles natural scenes, this method extracts the texture Power Spectral Density (PSD) and subtracts the noise. It then calculates the ratio of the modulation amplitude at each frequency to the target modulation to obtain the MTF/SFR values. …</description>
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MTF/SFR Measurement — Siemens Star Method

Principle:

Based on the radial frequency gradient characteristics of radial sinusoidal wedge patterns, this method directly obtains the modulation MTF values at different spatial frequencies through pixel reading, sinusoidal curve fitting, and modulation calculation (without the need for Fourier transform). …</description>
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Noise

Definition and Sources of Noise


In the field of imaging, noise typically refers to random interference signals carrying non-target information introduced during image acquisition, transmission, or processing. It manifests as irregular variations in luminance or color (such as graininess, color mottling, or irregular spots), directly affecting…</description>
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Spatial Frequency Response (SFR)

1. Concept of Spatial Frequency Response

Spatial Frequency Response (</description>
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Texture Loss

1. Concept of Texture


In the field of digital imaging, texture generally refers to low-contrast details. For example, the leaves on a tree or each blade of grass in a prairie are details, also known as texture. In principle, a camera should be able to reproduce these details. For a camera, distinguishing texture from unwanted noise in …</description>
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Uniformity

I. Concept of Uniformity

Uniformity encompasses image luminance uniformity and image color uniformity.</description>
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White Balance

The environment we live in is vibrant and colorful, featuring a red umbrella, a yellow beach chair, or a clear blue sky. White balance is utilized in cameras to ensure accurate color reproduction of subjects during capture. In addition to automatic color adjustment, semi-automatic and manual adjustments are also available.</description>
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